i LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.! 
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UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. ! 



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CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



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DARTMOUTH COLLEGE 



JTJI..^" ^1, l^OQ. 





HANOYEE, ]Sr. II. I 
J. B. PARKER. 

18 7 0. 



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fvintcb at gartmout^ |rcss, bo 1. 1- ^dHbittomb. 



COJSTTEJSTTS. 



rage. 
Introduction, . . . . . . V 

Address of Welcome, . . . ... 1 

Historical Address, ..... 6 

Kelations of the College to Law, . . .42 

To Literature, ...... 47 

To Science and the Arts, .... 61 

To Medicine, . . . . . .71 

To Education, . . .... 82 

To Keligion, ....... 90 

Ode, . . . . . . .100 



INTEODUCTIOjN^. 



BY WILLIAM II. DUXCAX, ESQ., SECRETARY OF THE C03IMITTEE. 



At the Annual Meeting of the Associated Akimni of Dartmouth 
College, held in the Chapel of the College on the 23d day of July, 
A. D. 1808, the Hon. James Barrett, LL. D., Associate Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the State of Vermont in the Chair ; 

On motion of Samuel G. Broavist, D. D., LL. D., President of Ham- 
ilton College, Xew-York, a committee of live was appointed by the 
Chair "to consider the Centennial Celebration of next year and report 
some plan of action." 

The Committee consisted of Rev. Samuel G. Brown, D. D., LL. D., 
Rev. Benjamin Labaree, D. D., LL, D., Ex-President of Middlebury 
College, Vermont, Rev. Samuel Spalding, D. D., of Ncwburyport, Ms., 
the Hon. Harvey Jewell, Speaker of the House of Representatives 
of Massachusetts, and E. B. Hale, Esq. They rei)orted as follows : 

"The Committee of the Alumni, to whom was assigned the subject 
of the Commemoration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the 
founding of Dartmouth College, beg leave respectfully to report ; That 
they are deeply impressed with the desirableness of a festival during 
the Commencement Week of 1869, ample and generous in its scope, 
which may serve, at once, for the gratification of the Alumni and friends 
of the College, and for the substantial advancement of our beloved ^^ 
tna Mater in all the elements of a sound and well established prosperity." 

"To devise the special measures adapted to this end, they would 
take the liberty of nominating an Executive Committee of sixteen gen- 
tlemen, to whom the whole subject of providing for a suitable Centen- 
nial Celebration shall be referred, with full authority to fill vacan- 
cies in their own number — to appoint sub-Committees, and to do any- 



ri DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEKJ^IAL. 

thing necessary to carry out the objects which the Alumni have in 
view. We would nominate on this Committee , 

Rev. President, Asa D. Smith, D. D., LL. D., Class of 1830. 

Hon. Ira A. Eastman, LL. D., " " 1829. 

Eev. Benjamin Labaree, D. D., LL. D., " " 1828. 

Prof. Daniel J. No yes, D. D., " " 1832. 

Wm. H. Duncan, Esq., " " 1830. 

Prof. E. D. Sanborn, LL. D., " " 1832. 

Hon. John P. Healy, " " 1835. 

Dr. Edmund R. Peaslee, LL. D., " " 1836. 

Hon. James Barrett, LL. D., " " 1838. 

Alexander S. Wheeler, Esq., " " 1840. 

Dr. Jesse P. Bancroft, " " 1841. 

Rev. Samuel J. Spalding, D. D., " " 1242. 

Prof. John S. Woodman, *' " 1842. 

Hon. Harvey Jewell, " " 1844. 

Hon. Isaac W. Smith, " " 1846. 

Prof. Alpheus B. Crosby, " " 1853. 

The above Report was accepted and adopted. 

A meeting of this Committee was called, and held at the house of 
President Smith, on the 24th of November, A. D. 1868, at which it was 
voted ; — That President Smith give the Address .of Welcome, that 
President Brown of Hamilton College, New- York, give the Historical 
Address, and that a Committee consisting of President Smith, Professor 
Sanborn and W. H. Duncan appoint the special speakers for the occa- 
sion, and make all necessary arrangements for the Centennial Com- 
mencement. 

The Executive Committee decided, thatthe following should be the 
exercises for the Centennial Commencement : 

SUNDAY, JULY 18. 
3 1-4 P. M. Baccalaureate Discourse, by President Smith. 

MONDAY, JULY 19. 
7 3-4 P. M. Prize Speaking, by members of the Junior and Sophomore 
Classes. 

TUESDAY, JULY 20. 
3 P. M. Class Day Exercises. 

7 3-4 P. M. Concert, by the Germania Band of Boston. 



IJ{TR0DUCTIOJ^. VII 

WEDNESDAY, JULY 21. 
{Especially devoted to the Centennial Exercises.) 
Chief Marshal, Gen. Gilman Marston ; Assistant Marshals, Gen. Sam- 
uel A. Duncan, Gen. Joab N. Patterson. 

FORENOON, 10 o'clock. 

(1.) Address of Welcome, by President Smith. 

(2.) Address by Ex-President Lord. 

(3.) Historical Address by Rev. Samuel G. Brown, D. D., LL. D. 

AFTERNOON, 2 O'CLOCK. 

1. Introductory Address, by Chief Justice, Salmon P. Chase, Presi- 

dent of the Alumni Association. 

2. Addresses on various relations of the College, as follows : 
(1.) To Law, by Hon. Ira Perley, LL. D. 

(2.) To Statesmanship, by Hon. Daniel Clark, LL. D. 

(3.) To Literature, by Richard B. Kimball, Esq. 

(4.) To Science and the Arts, by Hon. James W. Patterson. 

(5.) To Medicine, by Dr. Jabez B. Upham. 

(6.) To Military Life, by Gen. George F. Shepley. 

(7.) To Education, by Samuel H. Taylor, LL. D. 

(8.) To Religion, by Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D. 

3. Gymnastic Exhibition at 5 1-2 o'clock, by the students, under the 

direction of Mr. Emerson. 

4. Promenade Concert, in the Large Tent, at 7 3-4 o'clock, by the Ger- 

mania Band. 

THURSDAY, JULY 22. 
8 A. M. Meeting of the Alumni, in the Chapel. 
10 A. M. Commencement Exercises. 
2 P. M. Alumni Dinner. 
7 3-4 P. M. Levee in Reed Hall. 

Long before the Commencement, it was ascertained,that there would 
be so great a number of the graduates and others present, that the Col- 
lege Church could not accommodate the Alumni and the friends of the 
College, who would wish to hear the addresses, and "Yale's Mammoth 
Tent," two hundred and five by eighty-five feet, capable of holding ten 
thousand persons, was obtained, in which the exercises took place. It 
was pitched on the westerly side of the common,on aline running east and 
west, near the middle of the common, with its front on the south. A stage 
was built within, running about half the length of the tent, on its north 



VIII DARTMOUTH CEJ^TBJS^KIAL. 

side, for the officers of the College, the speakers of the day, and the dis- 
tinguished guests of the occasion. The interior of the tent was pro- 
fusely trimmed and decorated with bunting, two lines of which ran, di- 
agonally across each other,from the four corners of the roof of the tent, 
on which were suspended streamers and flags of various devices ;^nd, the 
front of the platform and the tent back of the stage were draped and 
festooned with flags. . At the back of the stage, surmounting the 
National Flag, was an arch with the following inscription : 

"Centesimum annum, ab Academia condita, celebramus ; 
^vi melioris auspicium felix hic dies sit." 

A temporary structure was erected, on the northeast side of the 
common, extending southerly three hundred feet in length, and forty 
in width, with three wings attached to its west side. 

A part of this building was used,through the week, as a restaurant 
for the public. In this structure, tables were laid for the dinner of the 
Alumni and the guests of the College on Commencement Day. Twelve 
hundred were seated at the tables. Here, too, a register was opened, in 
which twelve hundred names were entered — of these, a thousand were 
the Alumni of this and other colleges. Eight hundred of them were the 
sons of Dartmouth. 

• On the college grounds, north of the college yard, were two tents, 
twenty by thirty feet, provided for the classes of 1867 and 1808. 

The State furnished, through the kindness of Gov. Stearns and 
Gen. Natt Head, Adjutant-General of New Hampshire, one hundred 
army, wall tents, which were pitched east of the college buildings. 
These tents were used as dormitories. Here were seen Captains, and 
Colonels, and Generals, who had served through the Civil War, all feel- 
ing and acting as if "to the manner born." This array of tents, under 
the very shadow of the halls of science and of learning, was strongly 
suggestive of the "pomp and circumstance of glorious war." 

To accommodate the public, special trains were run to White River 
Junction. Arrangements were made for lodgings at Norwich, at the 
Junction, and at the Tildcn Seminary at West Lebanon. 

The arrangements for the tents, the temporary dining saloon, the 
running of special trains, the registering of the names of the Alumni, 
and other arrangements for the entertainment of the public, were all 
made under the special direction of Prof. Eliiiu T. Quimby, to whose 
active, energetic and untiring exertions the committee were greatly in- 
debted. 



mTROBVCTIOK. IX 

The Library Rooms, in Reed Hall, were thrown open to the public 
on the morning of the 2lst, and were beautifully trimmed and deco- 
rated, by the Undergraduates, with evergreen, and a rich profusion of 
flowers. 

The 21st of July, 1869, opened with a clear and beautiful sky, and a 
fresh breeze from the distant hills. The national banners, which had 
been run up above the tent, on the flag staffs, which passed up through 
the centre of its roof, were all floating upon the air, waving and flutter- 
ing, as if to salute all who came to honor the occasion. 

Every avenue to the place was filled with those who were coming, 
in all kinds of vehicles, from the stately coach, to the "one horse shay" 
— to say nothing of those w^ho came on foot. By nine of the clock, A. 
M., the town was filled to overflowing. Here were then seen Graduates 
of the College from all parts of the country ; from the burnt, and black- 
ened, and desolated fields of the South — from the ever expanding West 
— from the great Central States of the Union — from the cities and vil- 
lages and rural districts of New England, and from the Canadian Do- 
minion. 

Among the Graduates were seen Head Masters of eminent schools. 
Presidents and Professors of colleges, learned Divines and Professors of 
of Theology, skilful Surgeons and Physicians, eloquent Advocates, men 
who had represented the country abroad, Governors of States, Senators 
of the United States and of the Provincial Parliament of Canada, 
Judges of Supreme Courts of Judicature, and Military men who had 
passed, not unscathed, through the fierce ordeal of war, all of whom, in 
their high official positions, had reflected honor upon their Almzi Mater. 

It was an interesting and touching sight to witness the meeting of 
old friends and class-mates, the timid, hesitating, difficult recognition, 
the hearty grasp of the hand, the sad tone of voice and the rising tear, 
when they spoke of the years which had passed since they here 
parted, and which had borne away with them their youth, and their 
friends and class-mates, who had gone to the better land before them. 

Gen. GiLMA>^ Marstox, of the class of 1837, acted as Chief Marshal 
of the occasion, a Yeteran, not in years, but in the service he has seen, 
having commanded as Colonel and General in nineteen pitched battles. 
His assistants were Gen. Samuel A. Duncan, of the class of 1858, and 
Gen. JoabN. Patteeson, of the class of 1860, both of whom were brevet- 
ted "for gallant and meritorious conduct" during the Civil War. 

2 



X DARTMOUTH CEXTEJ^J^TIAL. 

The graduates assembled in the college yard, from which the pro- 
cession was formed by Gen. Marston, in the following order : 
The Undergraduates in the order of their classes ; 

The Germania Band ; • 

The President of the College ; 
The Governor of the State and his Aids ; 
The Honorable Board of Trustees ; 
The Faculty and Executive Officers of the College ; 
The Chief Justice of the United States ; 
The Judges of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire and other States ; 
Senators and Representatives in Congress ; 
The Army and Navy ; 
Invited Guests of the College, and distinguished Strangers ; 
The Alumni in the order of the Classes, beginning with the Class of 
1804, and ending with the Class of 1868. 
The procession passed through the street, north of the Common, 
then through the avenue, on its western side,then on the street, south of 
the common, to a point opposite the entrance of the tent, thence direct- 
ly to the tent. 

One of the most touching events of the occasion was the respect 
paid to Ex-President Lord, who was unable to be present and take the 
part which had been assigned him in the exercises. He was able how- 
ever to sit at the window of his chamber, where he was recognized, and 
the procession passed his house with uncovered heads. There was 
but one feeling in regard to the love and reverence which all felt 
for the Ex-President who had presided with such dignity and suc- 
cess,over the College, for thirty-five years and under whom were gradu- 
ated more than eighteen hundred of the Alumni.* 

The procession entered the tent, and when all were seated, it w^as 
filled to its utmost capacity. 

Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States, as President 
of the Alumni, presided. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. Barstow, 
of Keene. After music from the Band, the President of the College 
gave his Address of Welcome to the audience. Then came the Histori- 
cal Address by the Rev. Sa^iuel G. Brown, D. D., LL. D., President 
of Hamilton College, New- York. The exercises of the forenoon were 

*The number graduated under President Lord is 1884. 



IXTROBTJCTIOK- XI 

closed by an ode written by Prof. Ordronaux, which was sung to the 
tune of America, by the audience. 

No graduate of the College could have been present, on that de- 
lightful morning, when all was bright within, and beautiful without, 
and looked upon that audience full of men distinguished in arts and 
in arms, and of women all radient with beauty, and listened to that full 
swelling tide of choral song, Avhich rose like "the voice of many waters" 
from that "sea of upturned faces," without having his heart swell and 
beat with mingled emotions — with gratitude to the Great and Good 
God for the lasting benefits which, during the century just about to 
close, had been conferred on the College, and through it, on the Country, 
and with a pardonable pride, that he too, however humble, might claim 
to be one of her sons. 

The exercises were then adjourned,till two o'clock in the afternoon. 
Upon the reassembling of the audience. Chief Justice Chase addressed 
the Alumni. His remarks were entirely extemporaneous. It has been 
impossible for Judge Chase, on account of his arduous and pressing 
engagements, to furnish a revised copy of them for publication. But as 
our record of the occasion would be imperfect without some mention of 
what the Chief Justice said, we give the substance of his remarks as 
taken by a reporter of the Press. It is a meagre and imperfect outline, 
and does no justice tothe speech as delivered, and conveys to the read- 
er an inadequate idea of the impression it made upon those who heard 
it. Chief Justice Chase is always, as he was on this occasion, clear, 
able and dignified. He began by alluding to the fact that the College 
received its charter from "our right trusty and well beloved John 
Wentavorth, Governor of the Province of New Hampshire," and said 
that the venerable name was borne, to-day, by an honored citizen of 
Illinois,* who, like his ancestor, towered head and shoulders above his 
fellow men. He also happily referred to the descendants of the other 
founders of the College. "When the College was organized the third 
George was heir to the British throne. Under the great Empress Cath- 
erine, Russia was prosecuting that career of aggrandizement then be- 
gun which is even now menacing British empire, in the East. Under the 
fifteenth Louis, in France, that wonderful literary movement was in 
progress, which prepared a sympathetic enthusiam for liberty in Amer- 
ica, at length overthrowing, for a time, monarchy in France. China 

*Hon. John Wentwortii, L L. D. 



XII DARTMO UTH CE:^TEJ<'J{IAL. 

and Japan were wholly outside the modern community of nations. A 
hundred years have passed, and what a new order has arisen ! Great 
Britain has lost an empire, has gained other empires in Asia and Aus- 
tralia, and extends her dominion around the globe. France so great in 
arts and arms has seen an empire rise and fall and another empire arise, 
in which a wise and skilful ruler is seeking to reconcile personal su- 
premacy with democratic ideas. Russia, our old friend seems to with- 
draw, for the present, at least, her eager gaze from Constantinople and 
seeks to establish herself on the Pacific Ocean and in Central Asia. 
China sends one of our own citizens, Mr. Burlingame, on an embassy 
throughout the world to establish peaceful, commercial, and industrial 
relations with all the civilized nations. Japan, too, awakes to the neces- 
sity of a more liberal policy, and looks toward a partnership in modern 
civilization. Who seeing this, and reflecting on the manifold agencies 
at work in the old world, and the prodigious movements in the new, 
which I cannot even glance at, can help exclaiming, in the language of 
the first telegraphic message which was sent to America, "What hath 
God wrought?" How great a part has this College, antedating the 
Republic, played in all the enterprises of America! It has been well 
said of it that three quarters of the globe know the graduates of Dart- 
mouth. Every state in the Union, certainly, is familar with their names 
and their works, and the influence which they exert is the influence of 
this College. What an insignificant beginning was that which has 
been described, to-day ; — what splendid progress ! How great the pres- 
ent, and who can predict the future ? Ninety-eight classes of young 
men have already gone forth from this institution. Who can measure 
the religious, the moral, the intellectual, the political influence, which 
they have exerted ? Great names like Webster and Choate rise at 
once to memory, but I refer more particularly to the mighty influence 
exerted by the vast numbers, unrecognized upon the theatre of national 
reputation, which the College has sent into all the spheres of activity 
and duty. When I think of the vast momentum for good which has 
originated here, and is now in unchecked progress, and must extend 
beyond all the limits of conception, 1 cannot help feeling that it is a 
great and precious privilege to be in some way identified as a member 
of this College. It does not diminish my satisfaction that other gradu- 
ates of other American Colleges can say the same thing. It rather 
increases that satisfaction, (ilad and thankful that my name is in 



mTllODUCTKm. XIII 

the list of those, who have been educated here, and have endeavored to 
do something for their country and their kind, I rejoice that, under our 
beneficent institutions, legions of Americans have the same or greater 
cause for gladness." 

After some remarks to the Graduating Class, the Chief Justice 
said: "And let me add, my Brethren of the Alumni, a practical word 
to you. We celebrate to-day the founding of our College. We come 
hither to testify our veneration, and our affection for our benign Abna 
Mater. We can hardly think she is a hundred years old, she looks so 
fresh and so fair. We are sure that many, many blessed days are before 
her, but a mother's days are made happy and delightful by the love 
and faithfulness of her children. Much has been done for this insti- 
tution, recently, much which makes our hearts glad. The names of 
the benefactors of the institution, mentioned here to-day, dwell freshly 
in the hearts of every graduate, and will live forever; but let us re- 
member, that while much has been done, much also remains to be done. 
I do not appeal to you for charity. I wish that every Graduate may 
feel that the College is, in a most true and noble sense, his mother, 
and to remind you of your filial obligations." 

At the close of this Address, the Chief Justice of the United States 
called upon the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of New 
Hampshire, Hon. Ika Pejiley, LL. D., of the class of 1822, to speak 
upon "the relations of the College to Law." Judge Perley came forward 
and in a voice as clear and incisive as one of his legal opinions, deliv- 
ered the admirable address upon the theme assigned him, which is found 
on the following pages. The address was eloquently delivered, and 
produced a marked impression upon the audience. It is no part of our 
duty to speak of the published addresses, but it must be observed, that 
they do, what their authors could not do— they speak for, and commend 
tliemselves. To those who know Judge Pekley, it would be superflu- 
ous to speak of him, but for the benefit of those who may come after 
us, it may not be amiss to say, that he is one of the most distinguished 
of the graduates of the College, a man of commanding intellect, of 
great general acquirements, of profound learning in his profession, and 
as a Judge, stands side by side with his friends whom he so handsomely 
commended, the peer of Chase and Parker and Eedfield. 

Judge Chase then called upon Hon. Daniel Clark to speak upon 
^^the relations of the College to Statesmanship." We have been unable 



XIV DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJ^MIAL. 

to get a copy of Judge Clark's speech. He delivered an elaborate ora- 
tion, and spoke of course of our great Statesman, Mr. Webster, to 
whom he gave the deserved credit of having stamped, in the great 
debate with Col. Hayne, in 1839, in the Senate of the United States, 
upon the professional, political and public mind of the Country, those 
principles of the construction of the Constitution, upon which our 
Civil War was inaugurated, and by which the integrity of the Union 
was vindicated. 

Judge Clark is the Judge of the District Court of the United 
States, for the District of New Hampshire, and has served' ten years in 
the Senate of the United States. 

When Judge Clark closed, Richard B. Kimball, Esq., of New 
York, of Class of 1834, was called upon by the President of the 
Alumni, to speak of "the relations of the College to Literature." Mr. 
Kimball was cheerfully received, and by the interest and variety of 
his remarks, commanded the undivided attention of his audience until 
he closed, when he was greatly applauded. 

Mr. Kimball of course could not speak of himself, but w^e may 
here say, that he is one of the most distinguished of our graduates, as 
a literary man. A lawyer by profession, yet he has always devoted 
himself to literary pursuits. Soon after leaving College, he published 
"Letters from England," in one of the leading papers in Ncav York ; 
"Letters from Cuba," and "Reminiscences of an Old Man," in the 
"Knickerbocker Magazine," of which he was the editor, as he was also of 
the "Knickerbocker Gallery." He has published "Incidents of Travel in 
Texas," and a great variety of Tales, Reviews, Descriptions of Travel, 
Lectures before the New York Law Institute, Orations, etc. He is the 
author of "Saint Leger," which first brought him into notice as a 
writer; "Cuba and the Cubans," "Romance of Student Life Abroad," 
"Undercurrents," "Was he Successful?" "Henry Powers, Banker," 
"To-Day, A Romance," and the editor of "In the Tropics," and "Prince 
of Koshna." His books have been reprinted, in England and on the 
Continent, and many of them have been translated into other languages. 
Several of them have been printed, in Low Dutch, at Amsterdam. 

Judge Cjiase then called upon Judge Bauuett, Vice President of 
the Association of the Alumni, to read a Poem, which had been fur- 
nished for the occasion by George Kent, Esq., of the Class of 1814. 
Judge Barrett had read but a few stanzas when the rumbling of dis- 



m'TROD UCTIOK. X Y 

tant thunder was heard. Then came a few scattering drops of water 
pattering upon the roof of the tent, but soon the winds blew, and the 
rain descended and fell upon the roof, as if the very windows of 
heaven had been oi)ened. There followed such a scene as no tongue, 
nor pen, nor pencil can describe — it baffles all description. Judge 
Barkett with the true pluck of an Ethan Allen stood by his colors 
and the more the wind blew and the storm raged, the louder he read 
his poetry. lie seemed to read as if there was something in the poetry 
to hush the wind and still the raging of the tempest. But the elements 
were too much for him, and for the poetry, too. He was obliged to 
cease, and with his slouched hat and dripping garments left the stage, 
and when you looked for him, he was not to be found ; 

"Hushed was the harp ; the Minstrel gone." 

But he was not alone in his misery. The manly and stately form 
of the Chief Justice, the President of the College, Reverend Doctors 
of Divinity, were all in the same condition — they all stood drenched 
and dripping, like fountains, in the rain. Even General Sherman had 
to succumb, once in his life, and seek the protection of an umbrella. 
.Some huddled under umbrellas, some held benches over their heads, 
and some crept beneath the platform. 

But what can we say of the ladies ? They entered the tent that 
afternoon arrayed as beautifully as the lilies of the field, with rouches 
and flowers, and trimmings of marvelous taste and beauty, and plu- 
mage that rivalled the gorgeousness of the birds of Paradise. They 
entered rejoicing in their taste and beauty,— they left like dripping 
Naiads, with their "bravery" drenched by the storm, their laces limp 
and soiled, their coiffures crushed — their trimmings departed — their 
rich silks stained and ruined ; 

"Gone was their Glory; sunk their Pride." 

The storm passed over, and Judge Barrett came forward and finished 
reading the Poem. 

Prof. Patterson, of the Class of 184S, was then called upon to 
speak of "the relations of the College to Science and the Arts." He spoke 



Xri DARTMOUTH CEKTEjYjYIAL. 

with force and eloquence, and received the greatest compliment that 
could be paid him — the undivided attention of the audience, which had 
been thrown into confusion by the storm, and which was not only wet, 
but soaked, and thoroughly uncomfortable. Prof Patterson's Ad- 
dress was by no means a di-y one. Prof. Patterson held the Chair of 
Mathematics in the College from 18.54 to 1859, and of Astronomy and 
Meteorology from 1859 to 1863, and is now one of the Senators from 
New Hampshire in the Congress of the United States. 

The remaining addresses for the day were omitted, and were de- 
livered in the tent the next day, after the dinner of the Alumni. 

After the exercises of the graduating class, on Commencement Day, 
a procession of the Alumni and the guests of the College was formed, 
and marched to the temporary structure for dinner. After all were 
seated, Eev. Dr. Calvin E. Stowe was called upon by the President of 
the College to say grace. After the dinner, thanks w^ere returned, and, 
in accordance w^ith a time honored custom of the College, all joined in 
singing to the tune of "Old Hundred" the following lines : 

"From all that dwell below the skies. 
Let the Creator's praise arise ; 
Let the Redeemer's name be sung 
Through every land, by every tongue. 

Eternal are thy mercies. Lord ; 

Eternal truth attends thy word; 

Thy praise shall sound from shore to shore, 

Till suns shall rise and set no more." 

The Alumni and Guests then returned to the Tent. 

Chief Justice Chase resumed the chair. He called first upon His 
Excellency, Hon. Onslow^ Stearns, Governor of the State. 

Gov. Stearns was greeted with hearty applause, and spoke briefly 
of the importance of extending the advantages of such a literary insti- 
tution as widely as possible, expressing the opinion that the State should 
extend to it whatever aid might be necessary to make it effective for 
public good, another hundred years. He said this Institution had dis- 
seminated sound learning throughout this State and throughout the 



DAli TMO VTII CEJH'TE.YXIJL. .T VJI 

length and breadth of the country. Their AlniL M'lter deserved now to 
be called '*Okl Dartmouth ;"' still she was full of the freshness of youth. 
The Governor uri^ed the alumni to remain true to their benefactors, and 
concluded by pioposing the lasting honor and prosperity of Dartmouth 
College and of all her sons. 

Gen. SiiKiniAX, upon rising, was most enthusiastically cheered. He 
spoke substantially as follows : "I almost feel abashed on attempting 
to speak in the presence of the Chief Justice and many men of learning, 
aye, of the very boys, who but a short time since were speaking in lan- 
guage far more appropriate than I could ever hope to utter. I am sim- 
ply a plain soldier, and can say what 1 have to say, in a f^w words, direct 
to the purpose ; and if I had any special subject whatever worthy of 
this occasion I would endeavor to pursue it, but for want of a better, I 
will express the very great pleasure I have experienced, to-day and yes- 
terday, in seeing not only the intelligence of the young men whose 
graduation we have come here to witness, but the spirit of kindness and 
reverence which every one of them, and all, in fact, have manifested 
toward the President of this College, toward the aged men who direct 
its interests, and toward the cause of learning. Learning of all kinds 
is entitled to our veneration, whether it be at Dartmouth or Yale or 
Harvard, at West Point or in the common schools. Learning is living, 
— it improves us all and we never become too old to learn. We learn to- 
day, we learn to-morrow, and I suppose we shall continue to learn to 
the very last hour of our lives; we cannot tell, it is for God alone to 
say, on which day we shall make the most progress. I am not and do 
not profess to be learned in books, learned in art, or learned in mere 
words; but in deeds, I do profess to have some knowledge of forming 
men into organizations, where their physical power as well as their 
mental power may produce its full effect. You here have an organiza- 
tion, you here have a system, which you may call civil; but it is mili- 
tary. The authority of every one of your professors is defended and 
they group you into classes, they group classes into other classes, and 
even after you leave the institution they have a hold on your affections 
which makes you a body with a single soul, which the man who wants 
may move to some common purpose, as though it had been a military 
organization. We combine men by hundreds, thousands and tens of 
thousands, all animated by one purpose and guided by one mind, so 
that their concentrated purpose and will may press forward to the ac- 

3 



XIII DARTMOUTH CEKTENXIAL. 

complishmeiit of any object. If that object be the salvation of a nation, 
then the cause is glorious and enlists the the feelings and challenges 
the admiration of all mankind. (Loud applause.) Therefore, in that 
sense I, too, profess to be a teacher, simply in the lesser art of organi- 
zation ; simply in the lesser art of combining units into tens and tens 
into hundreds, and directing them in the interest of the government 
which commands me to do that which is her pleasure, and which is mj'^ 
pleasure too. (Renewed applause.) 

It is a common feeling among civilians that soldiers are men of vio- 
lence. There is nothing further from the truth. I appeal to the history 
of America, to the history of our country, from Washington until the 
present moment, to show that military men of this country have always 
been subordinate to the law and subordinate to the "powers that be," 
never setting up their own judgment in antagonism to that of the na- 
tion, but executing its will when that will had found expression in law, 
with a fidelity beautiful to behold ; and so long as I continue to hold 
power and influence, I shall ever direct that power and influence to the 
end that the military of this country, whether a small force scattered 
all over the nation, or a vast army of volunteers, gathered for some 
special purpose, shall sustain the laws of the land and support the au- 
thority, you may place over me. 

Therefore, I feel the same interest in education that you do. It 
lessens my task; it lessens the task of every Governor and of the Chief 
Justice, when throughout the land, in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Florida, and Ohio, schools and colleges are founded, and men are taught 
what law means, what order means, what civilization means, what re- 
finement means ; for it is far easier and more pleasant to govern intelli- 
gent men than to govern unlettered men. The one acts from a high 
motive and principle, aiding and supporting you in carrying out your 
purpose, without confusion ; whereas the other must be driven to it by 
force. Therefore, I have a personal interest in education. I hope it will 
pervade all America, and when it does, there will be no need of armies 
and very little need of courts. (Applause.) Gentlemen, I thank you 
for the many compliments you have paid me, and especially would I 
thank the young men who have alluded to me in three or four passages 
of surpassing compliment. I would also express my thanks to the Pres- 
ident and other officers of the College. I wish them honor, I wish them 
long life. I wish the College may live to the third and fourth and tenth 



IKTROBUCTIOX. XIX 

century. I hope it will live as long as there is an American nation, and 
that will be to the end of all time " (Prolonged applause.) 

Addresses were also made by Hon. Hakvey Jewell of Massachu- 
setts; Judge Whittaker of New Orleans, a descendant of the Kev. 
Nathaniel Whittaker, spoken of by Dr. Brown, who was sent to 
England by Dr. Wheelock, to solicit funds for Moor's Charity School; 
by Rev. John Wheelock Allen, a grandson of the second President 
of this College; by Hon. John Wentworth of Chicago; and by Hon. 
John S. Sanboen, of the New Dominion, Member of the Upper House • 
of the Provincial Parliament. 

Judge Chase then called on Dr. Jabez B. Upham, of the Class of 
1842, to speak upon "the relations of the College to Medicine." Dr. 
Upham's Address was a scholarly production, well delivered, and well 
received. Dr. Upham was admirably qualified to depict "the relations . 
of the College to Medicine," since — although, finely accomplished in 
the bibliography of his pr4)fession — he has had the good fortune to 
be able to cultivate the esthetics and the curiosities of medical expe- 
rience, while he has escaped the drudgeryof professional practice. 

The Address of Gen. George F. Shepley, of the Class of 1837, 
upon "the Relations of the College to Military Life" was omitted, as Gen. 
Shepley was not able to be present. We have not been able to get a 
copy from him of what he had intended to say. His absence was 
greatly regretted. Gen. Shepley won an enviable reputation in his na- 
tive State, as an able lawyer and eloquent advocate, and distinguished 
himself in the Civil War, not only in the field, but as the Military Gov- 
ernor of New Orleans. He is now Circuit Judge of the United States 
Courts for the Circuit of New England. The College may well be 
proud to count among her sons to-day the Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the United States, the Circuit Judge of the United 
States Courts for the New England Circuit, the District Judge of the 
United States Court for the District of New Hampshire, and the Attor- 
ney General of the United States. All of them, with the exception of 
Judge Shepley, are natives of New Hampshire. 

Samuel H. Tay'LOR, LL. D., of the Class of 1832, was then called 
upon by Judge Chase, to speak upon "the Relations of the College to 
Education." Dr. Tay'lor's address commanded the undivided attention 
of the Alumni. It may be doubted if any one of them was aware, before 
they listened to this address, of the vast influence, Dartmouth has had 



XX DARTMO UTH CEJ{TE:KXIAL. 

and now has in tlie Educational Institutions of the land. Dr. Taylok 
himself is one of the ablest men in the country in this department of 
learning. All honor to him for the manner in which he drills his pu- 
pils, for his thoroughness and accuracy in teaching the "Humaniores 
Literas.!' He is, in this way, what Arnold was to Paigby. 

Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, D. D., of the Class of 1830, was then 
called upon by Judge Chase to speak upon "the Relations of the College 
to Religion." 

Dr. Baktlett's address was energetic and eloquent, full of that en- 
thusiasm which is instilled into one who removes from our undemon- 
strative region to the young, and ardent_, and hopeful West. 

Dr. Bartlett is a representative of a Xew Hampshire family of 
high intellectual endowments and great executive energy. As a Pastor 
in this State he had advanced to the very first rank in his profession, 
when he was called to Chicago to take charge of the first Theological 
Seminary, founded by the Congregationalists, in the West. Under his 
administration, the Seminary has been constantly advancing in influ- 
ence and power. 

The President of the College then made a few extemporaneous re- 
marks, in his happiest manner. The literary exercises of the occasion 
were then closed with Prayer and the Benediction by the Rev. Presi- 
dent. 

In the evening there was a Promenade Concert, in the Tent, and 
thus closed the Centennial of 1869. 

The Centennial Celebration served not only to revive and quicken 
the interest and attachment of the Graduates for the College but also 
to increase the far reaching and ever extending influence for good 
which had emanated from it during the century which had passed. 

The Institution in its origin was feeble, it was truly "a voice crying 
in the wilderness," but now its "line is gone out through all the earth." 
It cannot boast as distant a past as the great English Universities, Ox- 
ford and Cambridge, but it does claim as distant a future. And why 
may it not, in the coming Centennial, have as long and as bright a roll 
of names known to fame as that which contains a Milton, a Newton, 
a Locke, a Bacon ? 

Salve Magna Parens, Alma Mater, 
Esto perpetua. 
"Semper honos, nomenque tuum, laudesque manebunt." 



ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 



BY THE PRESIDENT. 



Mr. President and Brethren of the Alumni: 

Among the most precious memories of New England, to her 
sons scattered far and wide, are those, I need not tell you, of the 
old Thanksgiving Festival. With what joy as it recurs do they 
revisit the home of their childhood, to recount with the dwellers 
there the blessings of the by-gone year, to give meet ex23ression 
to all fraternal and filial regards, to receive a father's and a 
mother's benediction, and to refresh the worn spirit for coming 
cares and labors. ISTot unlike that occasion, only of broader 
scope, is the glad one that has gathered us to-day. This is the 
Thanksgiving, not of a year, but of a Century ! We are here 
again, in the presence of the Mother of us all, amid the familiar 
scenes of the old homestead, to meet with fitting response her 
look of love, and to dwell on all the kindness of Providence 
toward her since first was heard here the vox damantls in deserto. 
Arrayed in the same unpretending garb on which we looked in 
other days, though with some due touches of the modern life, 
and with a marvellous contrast to the rudeness and mea^Teness of 
her beginnings, she has joyfully opened her doors to recci\e us. 
And it is my simple office this morning, an office in which all my 
heart goes forth, to bid you in her name a cordial WELro^rE ! 



2 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJ^J^IAL. 

Welcome from the many regions in which your lot has been 
cast. With a slight accommodation, we may say, in the words of 
the poet, 

"Wave may not foam, nor wild wind sweep. 
Where sleep not Dartmouth's dead." 

And much the same may be said of her living sons. From all 
quarters of the land you come; from the hill country of the 
North, from the fair midland regions, from the broad prairies of 
the West, from the sunny South ; from beside the great lakes, 
and the great water-courses, and from beneath the shadow of the 
great mountains ; from hamlet and village and city, far and near ; 
from the old N^ew England hive, and from all the newer regions 
into which her sons have been swarming. It is well that our 
whole Republic is to be thus represented. The chain of fraternal 
love that binds the sons of Dartmouth together — its every link 
brightened anew to-day — shall be in all the future, as it has been 
in the past, one of the strong bonds of a perpetual and glorious 
national unity. N'ay, there are ties of good fellowship and 
heavenly charity woven by the hand of our Alma Mater — a 
glance at tlie roll of our Alma Mater shows it — which are draw- 
ing toward us, and that in no entangling alliances, many peoples 
and kingdoms over the great and w4de sea. It is well that our 
Centennial occurs on the very year in wdiich the Continent is 
first spanned with bands of iron, deep answering to deep in 
fervent gratulation and high pro2:)lietic utterance ; in which, while 
tliere are fresh tokens of good for all the intervening regions, the 
Golden Gate becomes, as never before, an outlet for the influence 
which Ave here pledge anew to our country and the world. 

Welcome from the various posts of duty in which you have 
been doing service to God and your generation — from the j^ulpit, 
the bar, and the walks of medical science ; from the bench, the 



ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 3 

halls of legislation, the bureaus of State, from Gubernatorial dig- 
nities, and from the spheres of diplomacy; from editorial offices; 
from high educational tasks in Professorial and Presidential 
chairs ; from the various posts of military service ; from honorable 
lives of industry and of business ; from the studio of the artist, 
and from the quiet toils of the man of letters. How will Dart- 
mouth illustrate, in this gathering, the worthiness and solidarity 
of all the various callings and 2:>rofessions. In wliat manifold 
forms do we recognize the power she wields, and the one life she 
imparts. 

Welcome to these old scenes, thronged to-day with what 
multitudinous upspringing memories, overspread with what 
innumerable filaments of association. We will be young again, 
all of us. We will walk as boys, once more, over this beantiful 
Green, beneath these lofty elms, along the banks of the murmur- 
ing river, \\\) to the old pine, in whose branches is heard the same 
"soft and sQul-like sound" as in years gone by. We will sit in 
the old recitation rooms, our fellow students all about us; we will 
look again on the same old faces that in our college-days beamed 
upon us with mingled love and fidelity from the chairs of instruc- 
tion. Ah, how many of tlie occupants of those chairs have 
ceased from their labors ! Adams, and Shuetleff, and Had- 
dock, and Chambeelaix, and Long, and Peabody, and Young, 
and Chase, and Putnam, — not to name others of earlier date — 
they are not here ! I^ot here to the eye of sense — yet who can 
say that, witli many of their pupils, our dear departed classmates, 
they may not be looking upon us now from within the vail? 

And while we greet thus the sons of Dartmouth, wc give 
special welcome to its honored benefactors, the men who out of 
the substance which their industry and sagacity and heaven- 
blessed thrift have secured, have ministered to her wants. A 
noble service this, as her Alumni render it — men still living to 



^ DARTMOUTH CEJfTEJfMIAL. 

rejoice in lier prosperity, and some of them present to-day; or 
as it lias been so recently and signally rendered by one who now 
sleeps with his fathers. But a still nobler service in some 
respects, and worthy of our deepest gratitude, as offered by those 
who have no filial obligations to discharge, but who act only from 
public motives, from a clear discernment and a high appreciation 
of sound Christian learning. Welcome, thrice welcome are such 
to our Centennial Feast. 

While we rejoice in the presence of all the friends of the 
College — and avIio, in this great assembly is not its friend? — 
there are individuals here, whom in their eminent public relations 
we should delight more distinctly to recognize. We cannot 
name them all. Yet we cannot forbear to say with what special 
gratification — with something of a pride which all, we are sure, 
will pardon — we welcome that honored Son of Dartmouth, who 
has laid aside at our call the ermine of the highest judicial seat 
in the nation, that he may sit here to-day ixs2^rimus inter pares. 
Hail, also, to the Chief, the renowned leader of his country's 
forces, who three years ago, in one of his masterly flank move- 
ments, took possession of our hearts, and who comes now just to 
inspect the captured works. Nor can we fail to greet, with 
special tokens of respect and gratitude, the Chief Magistrate of 
this good State of New Plampshire. The deep interest he ever 
manifested in tliis institution as a private citizen, and which has 
so endeared him to us all, it is his pleasure to exhibit in j^ublic 
life. We have no fear that while he holds the helm of govern- 
ment, this one college of the State will ever lack his fostering 
care. We bid him welcome to this scene of joyous commemo- 
ration. 

There is yet another, whom until recently I had fondly 
hoped to meet upon this platform. I refer to him, my own 
beloved President, from whose hand, long years ago, I received 



ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 5 

my diploma; whose kind care for me I trust I was not then 
unmindful of; whose friendship has followed me through all the 
succeeding years ; whose ready sympathy and words of gracious 
encouragement have been among my most precious solaces and 
helps, as with faltering feet I have sought to walk in his footsteps. 
How gladly and gratefully would many a representative of the 
thirty-five classes it was his privilege to gradiKite, have hailed his 
presence. It was even my hope that we should have the priv- 
ilege of hearing from his lij3S a few words at least — if they were 
no more than the aged John was wont to utter — his doctrine 
distilling as the dew, if it might not drop upon us as the rain. 
But a wise Providence has otherwise ordered, and we bow to its 
behest. Though detained in his chamber of sickness, he is yet 
with ns in spirit, rejoicing in tlie occasion, invoking blessings 
upon us and upon the college ; while we in turn most fervently 
pray, that the God in whom he trusts and whom he has so faith- 
fully served, may be the strength of his heart and his portion 
forever ! 

But with these simple words of greeting I will not longer 
detain you. I will not trench on the themes Avhich have been 
fitly allotted to others. God grant that we may so profit by all 
the lessons which this great occasion shall bring us, that we shall 
consecrate anew to Him, and more fully than ever, both ourselves 
and the College. So when another century shall liave passed 
away, though the places that now know us shall know us no 
more, we shall have j)^i't in a celebration, embracing in its 
retrospect all the ages past, and measuring in its duration all the 
ages to come. 



6 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJ^MML. 



HISTORICAL ADDEESS, 



BY SAMUEL G. BKOAVN, D. D., LL. D. 



Mk. Pkesident and Bkothees of the Alumni : 

A HUNDRED years, "witliiu a few months, have passed since 
Dartmouth Colle^'e received its charter from the hands of John 
AYentavoetii, the hist Koyal Governor of New Hampshire. It 
woidd liave been an unpardonable forgetfulness if we had suffered 
this century to be completed without some public recognition of 
the good Providence which has so long sustained the College, 
and conferred upon it such prosperity ; without assembling for 
mutual congratulations, for a review of tlie past, and i)romises 
for tlie future. Historicaliy considered, no century of modern 
limes has been more fruitful in great men and great events than 
tliat wliicli closes with the present year. None lias been so fruit- 
ful in discoveries and inventions for bringing the earth under the 
domiuiou of luan, or in the developing of those i)rinciples of civil 
liberty and self-goveruuieut which liavc taken such profound hold 
of the i)Opular nund, and given to free nations a variety and 
extent of power altogether unknown before. 

The third (puu'ter of the last century was a memorable era 
to England and her colonies. Then was generated an intellectual 
and spiritual movement which has widened and deepened down 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 7 

to the i^resent time. The political power of England, from a 
state of anxiety, distrust, and depression, rose buoyant, confident, 
and invincible, mainly through the courage, patriotism and civil 
genius of one great statesman. In both hemispheres and in every 
zone the arms and spirit of England became ascendant. The 
colonies in America caught the impulse, asserted more strongly 
their manhood, enlarged their aspirations, and felt that a wider 
scope was opened to them too, as the French cordon stretching- 
round from the Canadas to the gulf was broken. A manlier and 
more independent sj^irit developed itself in a race essentially 
manly, noble and aspiring. 

There was another influence also, still more potent perhaps, 
in its effect uj^on the common inind, which was widely felt in 
both England and this country, throughout the middle of the 
last century. I refer to that remarkable religious awakening 
which spread over the land with such poAverful results ; not 
always indeed well ordered, yet in the main renovating and 
exalting, filling the mind with unselfish purposes, and inspiring 
the most beneficent j^lans. There was hardly a minister or parish 
in New England which did not feel the unusual excitement. It 
stimulated the thought as well as startled the conscience. It 
encouraged, in the general New England mind, a delight in 
subtle theological discussions, and threw a charm about the 
profoundest metaphysical theories. The grand and vast problems 
of human accountability and human destiny it made, the topics of 
frequent and familiar discussion, and thus rendered the mind at 
once more grave, more penetrating, and more independent. It 
did far more than this. It inspired an humble, zealous, earnest 
spirit for the wide diffiision of Christian truth. It directed the 
energies of the benevolent to the moral wants of the land, to 
enlighten the benighted, to raise the downcast. 

Among the actors in these moving scenes, inspired by them 
and inspiring them, wasELEAZAR Wheelock, the minister of the 



8 DARTMOUTH CEJ{TEJfJ{IAL. 

secluded little town of Lebanon, in Conriecticiit. He was an 
eloquent and powerful j^reaclier, lamiliar with the leaders of 
religious thought in New England, of a truly devout spirit, and 
with plans for doing good Avhich could not be limited by the 
boundaries of his parish. Among the schemes of benevolence 
which found a home in his inquiring and active mind, was one 
for christianizing and educating those wandering, untamable 
races, whose cunning, ferocity, and cold blooded cruelty had made 
them such formidable enemies to the colonists, and invested the 
early wars with unimagined horrors. Here were heathen and 
l^agans, worshipers of demons, implacable and vindictive, impa- 
tient of the restraint of civilization but quick to catch its vices, 
at the very door of Christian men, and should not an effort be 
made to save them, to give them Christian knowledge, to change 
their nature and impart, if possible, the virtues and security of a 
Christian commonwealth ? 

The problem of Indian civilization presented to him the 
same difficulties that it does to us, nor has our experience taught 
us any better way to solve it. He felt that to accomi^lish any- 
thing for the permanent good of a race so restless, wandering 
and unstable, he must subdue their native aversion to labor, must 
chano'e tlicir ideas as Avcll as their practices, and by bringing 
them into early and familiar contact willi civilized life, relieve 
them of fear and distrust, disarm their hostility, and habituate 
tliem to the quiet, diligent and persistent methods of Christian 
societies. Aj)parently more fortunate tlian Goldsmith's villnge 
preacher, 

— "passing rich with forty pounds a year," 

Mr. WiiEELOfK had been settled at a nominal compensation of 
one hundred and forty. But as this was 2)aid wot in pounds 
sterling, nor even in lawful money, but in provisions I'eckoned at 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 9 

high prices, and diminished in amount as prices became more 
reasonable, for many years he received less than the good minis- 
ter of the "Deserted Village." In order to meet his necessary 
expenses, therefore, he established a kind of school for boys. 
Into this school, in December 1743, he received a young Mohegan 
Indian called Samson Occum. This boy remained with him for 
several years, and became finally a preacher of no small influence. 
Indeed, standing as an example of what might be hoped for 
under favorable auspices, no more powerful argument for Indian 
civilization could be addressed to the benevolent mind than that 
aflbrded by his presence. It is possible, indeed, that had this first 
experiment turned out unfavorably, the benevolent efibrt of Mr. 
Wheelock mio'ht have assumed a different form.* 

Encouraged however, by what he saw^, and stimulated by a 
true missionary S23irit, he set about in earnest carrying his scheme 
into execution. In doing this he manifested a large degree of 
intelligence, energy and wisdom. It was an imtried enterprise, 
and required to be commended to the good judgment, as well as 
urgently and persistently pressed upon the conscience of the 
community. He appealed to the civil prudence of the people as well 
as to their sense of Christian rectitude. "It has seemed to me" he 
said, "he must be stupidly indifferent to the Redeemer's cause 
and interest in the world, and criminally deaf and blind to the 
intimations of the favor and displeasure of God in the dispensa- 
tions of his providence, who could not perceive plain intimations 
of God's displeasure against us for this neglect [of our heathen 
natives,] inscribed in capitals on the very front of ciivine dispen- 
sations from year to year, in permitting the savages to be such a 
sore scourge to our land " "And there is good reason to think," 

*Tlie hymn "Awaked by Sinai's awful sound," is usually ascribed to 
Occum. If this be so, it shows that he possessed not only deep religious 
feeling, but a certain loftiness of poetic conception not common in his 
race. 

2 



10 DARTMOUTH CEJfTEJfjYIAL. 

he goes on, "that if one hcilf which has been for so many years 
past expended in bnilding forts, manning and snpporting them, 
had been prudently Uiid out in supporting faithful missionaries 
and schoohnasters among them, the instructed and civiUzed party 
\?ould have been a for better defence than all our expensive for- 
tresses, and prevented the laying waste so many towns and 
villasres." 

For the success of his plan, two things were necessary : first, 
to induce Indian boys to attend the school, and secondly, to 
obtain the means for their support. To accomplish the former, 
he used all the methods that he could command. He sent agents 
in diiferent directions. He corresponded with Sir William Johx- 
sox and with other persons of influence in the neighborhood of the 
Indians. At length, in 1754, two boys of the Delaware tribe 
were sent to him by the Rev. Johx Brainekd, and the experi- 
ment began. This number gradually increased, notwithstanding 
the interruptions of war, till in 1761 the school numbered eleven 
pupils.* To carry on the benevolent scheme, Mr. Wheelock 
solicited funds from the generous and benevolent at home and 
abroad. The first decisive and important gift came from a com- 
paratively humble source. I hold in my hand the indenture, 
dated July 17, 1755, in which a plain farmer of Mansfield, Ct., 
Mr. Joshua Moke,! gave to Col. Elisiia Williams, Rev. 
Samuel Mosely, Rev. Eleazak Wheelock, and Rev. Benja- 
Mix PoMEROY, a small house and about two acres of land situated 
in Lebanon in that State, in trust for the founding, use and sup- 

*ximong the early pupils of Mr. Wheelock Avas the celebrated 
Mohawk Chief, JosErn Brandt, Thayendanegea, who seems to have 
always retained a grateful recollection of his instructor. In a list of 
the members of the School from September, 1765 to May, 1767, we find 
the names of fifteen Mohawks, four Oneidas, four Mohegans, two Mon- 
tauks, four Delawares, and eight Narragansets. 

tTlie name is spelt in the Indenture More, and not as wc find it 
later. Moor. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 11 

port of a Charity School. This is Mr. Moke's passport to an 
honorable and grateful fame. It was not a very large donation, 
but it was both generous and seasonable, and it is fitting that his 
name should be retained affixed to the School, to be remembered 
as long as it, or the College which sprang from it, shall continue 
to exist. Here was affiDrded the nucleus around which other 
donations might crystalize. N'or did an enterprise so unique, so 
promising, so benevolent, fail of friends. A fund of five hun- 
dred pounds, lawful money, was soon subscribed. Mr. "Wiiee- 
LOCK, with great wisdom, courtesy, and earnestness, appealed for 
aid to the royal Governors and legislatures of nearly all the 
Northern colonies, and he did not appeal in vain. Looking 
higher than this even, he commissioned Samsox Occum and Rev. 
Nathaniel Whittaker, of Norwich, Ct., to solicit funds in 
England. Occum was a curiosity, and as the first Indian 
preacher Avho had appeared in Great Britain, attracted great 
attention. He preached hundreds of times with general accept- 
ance and SUCC3SS. The King gave two hundred pounds. Lord 
Dartmouth fifty guineas, and altogether the subscription in 
England and Scotland amounted to the generous sum of nearly 
ten thousand j)ounds. This was deposited in part with a Board 
of Trustees in London, of which Lord Dartmouth was tlie 
President, and the remainder with the Society in Scotland for 
Propagating Christian Knowledge. 

For fourteen years after Mr. More's donation, the School 
went on doing its wearisome yet beneficent work with as much 
success as could be expected considering the material to be 
wrought upon. Indian boys and girls were faithfully taught to 
labor as well as to study. They mingled freely with children of 
English origin, and were encouraged to adopt the customs and 
learn the arts of civilized life. Their habits of listlessness and 
indiifercnce were in part overcome. They were taught to look 



1^ DARTMOUTH CEJfTEJ^J^IAL. 

upon agriculture as honorable, and to depend for sustenance upon 
the sure returns of the grateful earth, instead of the uncertain 
results of hunting and iishing. They were instructed above all, 
in the Christian faith, and their moral culture was watched over 
with zealous care. And yet nearly or quite half of those who 
came under the care of Mr. Wheelock disappointed his hopes, 
and returned again to the vices of savage life. 

The experience of Mr. Wheelock thus taught him that, for 
permanent influence among the Indian tribes he must rely upon 
men more stable, more thoroughly rooted and grounded by 
inherent disposition in things which are good and make for peace, 
than it was reasonable to expect from the children of the forest, 
drawn for a few brief years into contact with civilization and 
then sent back to resist alone the mighty influence of blood and 
race, and character, and national habits. He began therefore to 
think of the enlargement of his plan, and as a natural conse- 
quence of this, the removal of the school to a jjlace where he 
might have freer scope, better facilities of access to the Indian 
tribes, and enlarged resources for carrying on his work. 

During these twelve or fourteen years, by the energy of Mr. 
Wheelock, by his correspondence with men of distinction, his 
memorials to the State assemblies, and the agents which he sent 
abroad, the School had become famous. When, therefore, his 
purpose to remove it became known, he received solicitations 
and proposals from various parts of the country. The inhabi- 
tants of Stockbridge in the Avestern part of Massachusetts, where 
an Indian School had already once been established under the 
direction of the Missionary, John Sergeant, made a generous 
offer for the School, and accompanied the ofler with a sound 
statement of the principle wliicli should determine the location- 
Pittsfield presented its claim. Albany offered a square in the 
city overlooking the Hudson, and there is now in the State 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 13 

Library in that city, a map drawn with a pen, giving the bounda- 
ries and position of the proposed location. This proposal was 
seconded by Philip Schuylek, — General Schuyler that was to 
be, — who promised to use his influence to secure desirable advan- 
tages. Lansinburgh, then just laid out, offered land within and 
without the town. A reservation on the Susquehanna, "delight- 
ful Wyoming," innocent then of wars and massacres, stretched 
its fair valley, soliciting and wooing. The far-off* Ohio endeav- 
ored to draw the School to that thinly inhabited region. It was 
urged by some that it should migrate beyond the Mississippi ; 
while Sir William Johxson cast his vote for North or South 
Carolina. 

Another anxiety, besides that of location, perplexed the 
mind of Mr. Wheelock. A school, to be permanent, must have 
funds. To produce security and confidence, the funds must be 
entrusted to a board authorized to receive and manage them. 
But as yet there was no legal corporation. A board had been 
formed, but the character of it as interjDreted by the law, to say 
the least, was unascertained.* 

*Mr. Wheelock had made several strenuous efforts to obtain a 
charter for the School, but had been met by insuperable obstacles. An 
extract from a letter, (dated October 16, 1760,) to William Livingston, 
Esq., an eminent member of the bar in New York and New Jersey, who 
afterwards became Governor of New Jersey, and a delegate to the con- 
vention which framed the Federal Constitution, will indicate the kind 
of perplexities which lie was obliged to meet. After stating that the 
insti'ument by which himself and others had been appointed trustees 
of the property given by Mr. More, had been judged by Governor 
AVoLCOTT and others learned in the law, not to be a legal and sufficient 
incorporation, he goes on : "Whereupon we made application for the 
Royal favour of a Charter. A memorial on the head by Dr. B. Ayeey, 
Esq., and Mr. De Beedt of London, was preferred to Lord Halifax, 
who approved the design, but to avoid expense advised us to get a law 
in this Government establishing such a school, and promised it should 
be ratified there in council. Accordingly I Avaited on our Assembly in 
May, 1758, with a memorial. A committee from both Houses reported 
in favour of it. The House of Eepresentatives concurred. The upper 



14 DARTMOUTH CEJfTEJTJflAL. 

Among those ^vitli whom corresj^ondence was held, was the 
Royal Governor of New Hampshire, the second Governor who 
bore the name of Johx Wentwortii. He had succeeded his 
uncle Bennixg Wextwoktii, under somewha^t peculiar, and cer- 
tainly favorable, circumstances. He had obtained office' through 
favor of the Marquis of Rockingham, then at the head of the 
liberal ministry through whom the odious stamp act had been 
repealed, a result which Mr. Wentworth had done something 
to secure. The Governor w^as a gentleman of conciliatory tem- 
per, of popular manners, of liberal taste, and possessed withal of 
a resolute sjDirit of improvement. He explored the forests, built 
roads, paid a careful attention to agriculture, and both by precej^t 
and examjole did much to develope the resources of the Province. 
His correspondence marks him as an enlightened, courteous, and 
liberal ruler, ready and willing to cooperate with others so as to 
produce the best actual results. 

Anxious to promote the interests of the Province, and wise 
enougli to see that civilization cannot be greatly advanced with- 
out intelligence, he brought to bear upon the removal of the 
School to N'ew Hampshire all the influences at his command. 
He offered lands for an endowment, and promised his personal 
aid and sympathy. The establishment of a college had been at- 
tempted under the administration of his predecessor, but Gover- 
nor Bexning Wextworth, closely attached to the Church of 

House negatived, and that for these reasons, as Colonel Trumbull 
(who was one of the committee appointed to debate on the different 
votes of the Houses) assures me, viz: 'That the sending an act home 
for ratification would be such a precedent as may be of hurtful conse- 
quence to this Charter Government : That an act here though ratified 
at home will not answer our design, because it wdll not enable us to act 
without the bounds of this Government in which are comparatively but 
few Indians : That a corporation within a corporation may be trouble- 
some, as our College (tho' our glory) has sometimes been.' But no 
objection w*as made against it as being in itself a device unsuitable to 
the end proposed." 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 16 

England, had refused a charter, unless the College were placed 
under the control of the Bishop of London. But John Wext- 
WORTH, more sagacious and more liberal, solicitous for learning, 
solicitous that the State, overshadowed somewhat, as it wa«, by 
the larger and more populous provinces to the south of it, should 
rise in dignity and influence, not only oflered no obstacle but the 
heartiest cooperation and assistance. To him more than to any 
other man was it probably owing that the college was established at 
that time with so liberal and sound a charter, indeed that the Col- 
lege was established at all. To hirxi was it largely owing that the 
school did not wander beyond the Hudson, the. Ohio, the Missis- 
sipj^i, but soberly and quietly seated itself on the banks of the 
beautiful Connecticut. To him — to his popularity and familiar 
acquaintance with the British Ministry, — was it due perhaps that, 
in that period of growing irritation between the Colonies and the 
Mother Comitry, any grant of privileges, least of all one so ample 
and so unrestricted by vexatious limitations, was obtained. Still 
more than this must in justice be said. The ideas of Governor 
Wextworth were apparently broader than those of the Con- 
necticut Minister. Dr. Wheelock proposed to remove his school 
to New Hampshire on condition that it should be incorporated, 
and certain lands given for its support. - An original coi3y of the 
charter, proposed for the consideration of Governor Wentworth 
incorj^orated the institution by the name of '•'■ Dartmouth Acade- 
niyP It seems to have been Dr. Wheelock's purjDose to obtain 
an incorporation of the Indian Charity School, in the govern- 
ment of which the trusteed of the fund in London should retain a 
share. He founded and "builded better than he knew." 
He asked the charter of an academy, he obtained a college. 
He aimed first to instruct the aborigines, yet comparatively few 
and infrequent have been the pupils of Dartmouth from the 
fleeting and foding tribes, but who can estimate the influence on 



16 DARTMOUTH CEXTEXiKIAL. 

that stronger, firmer, more persistent, more noble race who have 
here drawn in their intellectual life ? But that the institution 
assumed here its larger dimensions, that its purpose became com- 
prehensive of the grandest circle of sciences and arts, that it was 
without dispute raised at once in generic character, to the high- 
est level of literary institutions in our country, with a constitu- 
tion flexible and plastic, capable of natural and easy enlargement 
to meet any want, hospitable to schools of kindred purpose that 
might cluster about the central organization, and inviting them 
by its liberal policy — this original capability is to a considerable 
extent due to the large nature and magnanimous spirit of the 
last of the Royal Governors ofN'ew Hampshire. 

For some reasons which it is not quite easy to understand, 
— perhaps from some subtle and hardly acknowledged jealousies, 
perhaps from some undefined suspicions, j^erhaps from fear that 
the benevolent purposes of the school would be overshadowed by 
the more ambitious and secular purposes of the College, perhaps 
from observing that the charter named the whole board of Trust 
from the Colonies and no one from England — for these or other 
reasons the project was regarded abroad, even by good men 
whose liberality and friendliness had been unquestioned, with no 
favor but rather with aversion. "It was certainly" writes one of 
them to Dr. Wheelock in July, 1770, "a very wrong step for 
you to take without consulting us. It is the sentiment of us all, 
that by lodging the power in other hands, it has superseded the 
trust here, and we shall desire to have done with it." And in 
April, 1771, the London trustees again write, "We cannot but 
look upon the charter you have obtained, and your intention of 
building a college and educating English youths, as going beyond 
the line by which both you and we are circumscribed." 

Nevertlieless the charter had been given, bearing date 
December 13, 1769, not superseding the original School, nor 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 17 

enlarging and giving it a new form, for that still continued and 
remains to this day, but establishing a new institutiox, with 
different purposes and more noble and efficient powers. 

To this institution, that liberal nobleman. Lord Dartmouth, 
had made no contributions, yet remembering his help for the 
Charity School when such endorsement was of worth far beyond 
its 2:)ecuniary vahie, it was a natural as well as a graceful tribute 
to give the College his name. It strikes us too, as an exhibition 
of true magnanimity, that Governor Wentworth, who miglit 
lay claim to be the chief benefactor and patron of the College, 
seems never to have thought of his own agency, nor to have 
sought any advantage or honor beyond what v\^ould naturally 
accrue to the Province over which he presided. 

Although the charter fixed the College in the Province of 
i^ew Hampshire, its exact location was still a matter of question, 
and the advantages offered by many towns on the Connecticut, 
from Lebanon up to Landaff wei^e carefully considered. Governor 
Went WORTH recommended the latter, while others were in favor 
of towns still farther south than either of those named. The 
precise position seems to have been determined by its general 
advantages, and by grants of land in the immediate vicinity, and 
other promises of aid. We may remember, too, that Vermont 
did not then exist as a State, and the jurisdiction of ISTew Hamp-' 
shire was thought to extend rather indefinitely westward. Han- 
over was then a somewhat central position in the territory, v/ithin 
a region sparsely peopled indeed, yet not inaccessible from the 
seaboard, and — what was thought to be of considerable impor- 
tance — within easy distance of Crown Point on Lake Champlain, 
and of the Canadas; quite at the door, as one might sav, of the 
Indian tribes of the North and Northwest, and yet within call of 
the "English youth" for whose welfare the charter vras good 
enough to make some provision. 



18 DARTMOUTH CEXTEXXIAL. 

Thus was the College started on its career, in a year memo- 
rable for the birth of great men and the occurrence of important 
events ; the year in which Napoleo^^ and Wellington, Cuviee 
and Humboldt, Key and Bemadotte, Soult and Chateau- 
BETAXD, Sir Thomas Lawrence and DeWitt Clinton first saw 
the light ; the year in which Aekweight received his first patent 
for the spinning jenney which wrought a revolution in manufac- 
turing, — in which the Letters of Junius first stimulated that liter- 
ary and political curiosity which they have bafiied for a whole 
century, — and Daniel Boone — the type of the earlier emigrant, 
crowded and in want of breath, if within fifty miles of a white 
settlement, — was first ex^Dloring the picturesque valleys and fertile 
plains of Kentucky. 

Was it not a notable mark of the enterprising intelligence 
and Christian energy which governed our fathers, that in this 
thinly peopled region, so nearly on the borders of civilization, the 
primeval pines towering nearly three hundred feet* above the 
plain were cut away to give roojn for a college, where science 
and letters and arts and religion might find a shelter and a home ; 
where the seed might be planted to spring up in laws and liber- 
ties, in eloquence and arts, in philanthropy and missions, in virtu- 
ous and refined communities, in an ennobled State ? The whole 
county contained less than three thousand inhabitants, but our 
fathers divined the widsom of providing for future necessities. 
Their jDrovision was prevision. It was prophetic of the coming 
generation. And has not this been instinctively our national ^q\- 
icy, the open secret of our success? We do not wait, in build- 
ing our Pacific railroads, till towns and cities have sprung up 
along the track. We anticipate and direct the' course of emigra- 
tion. We entice it along the paths which commerce sees to be 
wise. 

*Mr. McClure in his life of President Wheelock speaks of a pine 
cut upon the plain which measured two hundred and seventy feet. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 19 

It was not till the summer of 1770 that operations under the 
charter were fairly commenced in Hanover. On the 5th of July 
of that year, Eleazar Wheelock, John Wentworth, Theo- 
dore Atkinson, George Jaffrey, Daniel Pierce, Peter 
GiLMAN and Benjamin Pomeroy, at Portsmouth, IST. H., took 
the oaths and subscribed the declaration required to be taken and 
subscribed by the Trustees. The members who resided in Con- 
necticut subscribed the same at Hartford on the 17th of the 
same month. In August, with a company of nearly thirty stu- 
dents, Dr. Wheelock took possession of the place, much in the 
spirit of a pioneer, of a missionary ; much as a soldier would 
plant a fort far within the unbroken regions of barbarism. 

For a temporary shelter, he built a log hut about eighteen 
feet square, without stone, brick, glass, or nails. Then with 
thirty or forty laborers, he set about building a house for himself, 
forty feet by thirty-two, of one story, and another, eighty feet 
by thirty-two, for the students. Before finishing the first 
structure, he found it necessary to take it to pieces and remove it 
about seventy rods, because, having dug one well forty feet 
and another sixty-three fctjt deep without sign of water, it was 
evident that he had fallen upon a dry place.* The household 

*The place first chosen for the log hut is said to have been on land 
now owned by the Chandler Scientific School, and west of the house 
now occupied by Miss McMurphy. From this it was removed when 
half finished to a spot a little north of Keed Hall. It was occupied at 
first by the family of the President, and afterwards by his servants, and 
was finally demolished in 1780. The larger framed house was built on 
the common westward from the well, and fronted the south. It was 
afterwards enlarged, and one portion of it made to serve for a chapel 
while another part was used for a common hall. It was demolished in 
1779, having already become ruinous. A President's house was built in 
1773 on the site of Eeed Hall. It was a spacious and well built mansion, 
and was occupied by all the Presidents in succession, excepting Presi- 
dent BnowN and President Dana, until 1838, when to make room for 
Keed Hall, it was removed to River Street, just west of Mr. Emekson's, 
where, altered somwhat externally, it still stands. The first College Hall 



'BO DARTMOUTH CEKTEJ^J^TAL. 

furniture, together with the siiiall personal comforts brought from 
Connecticut was stored in the "hutt," which was also occupied by- 
Mrs. Wheelock and the other females of the family, while the 
young men, through a season of early cold and snow, slept in 
booths made of hemlock boughs, until the 29th of October, when 
the houses were in a condition to be occupied, the rooms were 
made quite comfortable, "and love, peace, joy, satisfaction and 
contentment, reigned through the w^hole.""* Nor was the religious 
spirit which actuated this movement lost sight of here. The 23d 
of the next January Avas observed as a day of solemn consecration 
and prayer, and a church was organized, so that religion and learn- 
ing might go hand in hand, and the sacred purposes to which the 
Institution was consecrated might not fail. 

The first meeting of the Trustees was held at Keene, Oc- 
tober 22, 1770. The first Commencement was held on the 28th 
of August, 1771, Avlicn four students, Levi Frisbie, Samuel 
Gray, Sylvanus Ripley, and Joiix Wheelock, were grad- 
uated. Ripley gave the Salutatory in English, "drawing 
tears," says the President in liis brief journal, "from a great num- 
ber of the learned." Fhisbie* followed with a "Clyosophick 
oration in Latin. Gray lield the question, cui vera cognitio Dei 
luce naturce ac fiuir I potest f'' AVheelock pronounced the Vale- 
dictory in Latin. "Tlieir performances met with universal 
acceptance and great ai)plause." The College had at last fairly 

was finished ill 1771. It stood in the southeastern corner of the com- 
mon, facing tlie west. It was a wooden building painted red, of two 
stories in height, with an attic. In each story were eight rooms for 
students, and four rooms in the attic. After the completion of Dart- 
mouth Hall, it was sold to Pitinkas Anxis, and by him subsequently 
taken down. Mr. Annis seems to have paid for the buikliiig wholly 
or in part by erecting the old academy, in which lie very likely used 
some of the material of the College building. This oUl wooden acad- 
emy was removed to the Rjpe Ferry road more than thirty years ago, 
;uul fitted up as a dwelling house, by Mr. riiiNTKAS Clemext. 
^President Wheelock's narrative. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 21 

begun to move. A quorum of the Board indeed failed to be 
present, and therefore no degrees were actually conferred. But 
here were the men, here the ceremony, here were life, spirit, pur- 
pose, actual fulfillment of the cherished i)lan. The rock was 
smitten and the waters gushed forth. The very next day, 
August 29th, as if to show the prevailing missionary character of 
the enterprise, the journal says, "Mr. Avery was ordained Mis- 
sionary to the Onoidas,* as colleague with Mr. Kirtlaxd,* to 
whom James Deax,! a member of this College was appointed 
Interpreter /)ro tempore^ or till another could be provided." 

Cast your eye back for one moment to that humble begin- 
ning. See that little company, pioneers of learning and religion, 
a motley crowd, — the ladies on horseback, some of the men on 
foot, — -toiling along the narrow pathway called a road, through 
valleys shaggy, rough, and solitary, into the heart of the cold 
northern wilderness, — the primeval forest unbroken all around 
them, a little spot on the level plain cleared away to give j^lace 
for a "log hutt," an humble dwelling house, and a modest 
structure wath fifteen or twenty rooms styled a college, — in a 
region almost literally unpeopled, where the students, if solitude 

*1 preserve in both these words the spelHng of Mr. Wheelock, Mr. 
KiRKLAND, the father of President Kirklakd of Harvard, and the 
founder of Hamilton Oneida Academy which afterwards became 
Hamilton College, seems himself to have signed his name as given by- 
Mr. Wheelock. 

tJAMES Dean passed his early life with a missionary, the Eev. 
Ebenezek Moseley, among the Indians, and became familiar with 
their language. In 1773 and 1774 he went on a mission to the Caghna- 
wagas and to the St. Francis Indians in Canada. He was subsequently 
employed by the Continental Congress to conciliate the northern 
tribes, and after the Revolutionary War began, was retained as Indian 
agent and Intepreter, being stationed at Fort Stanwix, now Eome, N. 
Y. His influence with the Oneidas was great, and he received from 
them a liberal donation of land. He was many times in great peril of 
his life from the treachery or superstition of the savages, but escaped 
all dangers, and after a highly honored life, died in Westmoreland X. 
Y., in 1823, aged 75*years. 



M DARTMOUTH CEiMTEJfjYIAL. 

could make them contented and happy, might have abundance 
of enjoyment, — not within call of flourishing towns, not in the 
midst of prairies loaded with fertility, not by the side of the sea 
with commerce brought to their doors, but in this narrow valley 
of the upper Connecticut rich in granite and ice, under the cold 
shadow of the Crystal Hills. Was ever such seed planted where 
it required more faith to foresee the harvest ? 

Yet here was the home of contentment, diligence and piety. 
Ilere grew ujd a little community, cultivated, intelligent, refined, 
learned and religious. The College, thus started, moved on with- 
out interruption, and with quite as much success as could be 
anticipated. It never, I believe, rejoiced in its "Freshman, class 
of one," and certainly never graduated its Senior class of one, or 
passed its annual commencement without conferring a single 
degree, as Harvard did several times in its earlier history. It 
felt indeed, soon enough, the pressure of the public anxieties, and 
looked with apprehension to the possibility of a hostile invasion 
which might follow down the water courses from Canada. But 
its fears were never realized, and the peace of the valley was 
never broken by the ti'ead of hostile bands. 

For the first eight years, the work of instruction was con- 
ducted by the President and three Tutors, a Professor being first 
fo]-nially elected in 1778.* 

*It may interest some to see the agreement entered into between 
President Wiieelock and Mr. Johx Smith, the first Professor, as found 
among Dr. Wiieiclock's papers : 

"An agreement between the Reverend Doctor Elkazar Wheelock, 
President of Dartmouth College, and Mr. John Smith, late Tutor of the 
same, with respect to said Mr. Smith's settlement and salary in capacity 
of Professor of the languages in Dartmo. College. 

"Mr. Smith agrees to settle as Professor of English, Latin, Greek, 
Hebrew, Chaldee, Sec, in Dartmo. College, to teach which, and as many 
of these, and other such languages as he shall understand, as the Trus- 
tees shall judge necessary and practicable for one man, and also to read 
lectures on them, as often as the President, Tutor*, &c., with himself 
shall judge profitable for the Seminary. He also agrees while he can do 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 28 

The administration of President Wheelock was somewhat 
patriarchal and magisterial, as became the leader of an emigrat- 
ing colony. The College was, of necessity very much under his 
personal guidance and direction. He was President, Trustee, 
Treasurer, Instructor, Minister, all in one, and had besides, 
received a commission as Magistrate. According to ideas derived 
from England, and in order to exercise efficient control over all 

it consistently with his office as Professor, annually to serve as Tutor to 
a class of students in the College. In consideration of which. Dr_ 
Wheelock agrees to give him (the said Mr. Smith) one hundred 
pounds L. My. annually as a salary to be paid one half in money and 
the other half in money or in such necessary articles for a family as 
wheat, Indian corn, rye, beef, pork, mutton, butter, cheese, hay, pasture- 
ing, &c., as long as he shall continue Professor as aforesaid, and that he 
shall have these articles delivered to him at the same price for which 
they were usually sold before the commencement of the present war in 
America, viz : that he shall have'wheat at 5s per bushel, rye at 3s, 
Indian corn at 2s6d, fresh beef at 3d per lb., salt beef at 4 l-2d, fresh 
pork at 4 l-2d, salt do. at 7d, fresh beef at 18s per Ct., do. pork at 25s, 
lYiutton at 3d per lb., butter at 3d, cheese at 3d, bread at 2d, hay at 30s 
per ton, pasturing per season for horse 30s, for cow 20s, and also to give 
him one acre of land near the College for a building spot, a deed of 
which he promises to give him whenever he shall request the same. 
Doctor Wheelock also agrees that Mr. Smith's salary, \\z : one 
hundred pounds annually shall not be diminished when his business as 
Professor shall be so great that it will render it impracticable for him 
to serve as a Tutor to a class in College ; and that Mr. Smith shall not 
be removed from his Professorship excejDt the Trustees of .Dartmo. Col- 
lege shall judge him incapacitated therefor, and also that Mr. Smith's 
salary shall begin with the date hereof. Doctor Wheelock also prom- 
ises to lay this agreement before the Trustees of Dartmo. College to be 
confirmed by them at their next meeting. Mr. Smith also promises 
that whenever he shall have a sufficient support from any fund estab- 
lished for the maintenance of a Professor of languages, he will give up 
the salary to which the agreement entitles him. 

"In testimony whereof, we have hereunto interchangeably affixed 
our hands and seals this 9th day of November, 1777. 

ELEAZAR WHEELOCK. [l.s.] 

JOnX SMITH. [L.S.] 

"In presence of: 

Sylvan us PapLEY. 

Joseph Mottey." 



2 4 DARTMOUTH CEJ{TEJfJ{IAL. 

who might disturb the harmony of the settlement, or interfere 
with the morals of the students,* it was thought best that the 
College should control, to a certain extent, tlie township in which 
it was situated. This indeed was one of the conditions on whicl) 
it was located in Hanover. Accordingly in 1771, the towns of 
Hanover and Lebanon agreed to petition the Legislature that a 
district of land at least three miles square, taken equally from 
the southwestern corner of Hanover, and the northwestern cor- 
ner of Lebanon, be set apart as a^ distinct township bearing the 
name of Dartmouth. As this purpose was not consummated, 
owing to the "j^ublic confusions," — as a j^aper subsequently drawn 
up affirms, — a new effort Avas made in 1778 by the ^^eople in these 
adjoining j^ortions of the two towns to incorporate themselves, 
as it seems to be supposed they could legally do. Why this 
effort failed I can find no record. 

A graA'e instance of the magisterial authority of President 
Wheelock is found in a bond executed in 1773, by twenty-eight 
members of the College,* three students of the Charity School, 
and one "shopkeeper," as he is styled, by which they jointly and 
severally bind themselves, their heirs, executors and administra- 
tors, to pay to the "Hon.ELEAZAR Wiieelock, Esq.," ten pounds 
lawful money of the Province, the condition of the bond being 
that "if C^SAR, a negro man now residing in the kitchen at 
Dartmouth College, who has been convicted and fined for defa- 
mation, shall for the future be of good behavior and conduct, 
then this present obligation to be void and of none effect, or else 
to stand and remain in full force and virtue." 

It is pretty evident that i^hilanthropy, taking occasion by 
the law, got an early start in the College, and that Cesar, 

*Among these are found the names of John Smith, afterwards the 
first Professor of Language, Joseph M'Keen", the first President of 
Bowdoin College, John Ledyard, the famous traveler, and Ebenezer 
Mattoox, afterwards General Mattoon who served under Gates in 
the Revolutionary War, and died in 1843, full of years and of honors. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 26 

whose faulty tongue led him into temptation was after all 

regarded as a man and a brother. 

Dr. Wheelock's administration as President of the College 

was on the whole, marked by no peculiar difficulties, except such 

as attended the starting of a new institution, and these his good 

judgment, energy, prudence and Christian fidelity enabled liini 

successfully to overcome. The Revolutionary War affected the 

College less than might be supposed. The fear of invasion at 

one time alarmed the community, so that the President felt it 

necessary to apply to the Government for arms, but foreign 

troops never set foot in iSTew Hampshire, and being so far 

removed from the scenes of conflict, the number of students was 

not immediately much diminished, and as to pecuniary resources, 

there was very little to take away. Already, in February, 1775, 

the London Trustees had informed the President that the funds 

committed to them had been expended, and of course that their 

trust had exj^ired. Little else remained besides the tuition of 

the students. The cannonade at J:he battle of Bunker Hill was 

heard in Hanover,* but it could not rouse an anxiety equal to that 

« 
felt upon the coast, or in regions more exposed to the march of 

hostile armies. 

From 1775 or a little later, Dr. Wheelock's health began 

to decline. The original purpose with which hi? commenced his 

Charity School, though most beneficent, and attended with kindly 

influences far mo're effective than could at once be seen, had not 

been carried out with all the success that he had anticipated, but 

*In President Wheelock's journal I find the following entry, '• June- 
16, 1775. The noise of cannon, supposed to be at Boston, was heard all 
day. 'June 17. The same report of cannon. "We wait with impatience 
to hear the occasion and event." A letter from him to Governor Tiium- 
BULL. dated June 19, mentions the fact in almost the same words, "Last 
Saturday and Sabbath we lieard the noise of cannon, we suppose, at Bos- 
ton, and are now impatient to be informed of the occasion and event.'' 



26 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJfklAL. 

something more hopeful, of larger promise, and more fruitful in 
result had taken its 23lace. The energy of that untiring mind had 
not wrought in vain. He was a man fertile in resources, of per- 
severance and force, dignified in address, and resolute in purpose, 
and long before he died he reaped the fruit of his benevolent toil. 
By the charter of the College he had the privilege of nomi- 
nating his successor who should remain in office until the 
appointment was disapproved by the Board of Trustees. By his 
last will, he appointed his son, John Wheelock, as his successor. 
President John Wheelock assumed his office at a time 
when the College felt most severely the eiFects of the Revolu- 
tionary War. Its classes were small, — its income was uncer- 
tain, — its means were largely encroached upon. The war pressed 
heavily upon all classes in the community, and the result was a 
still unsolved problem. Nevertheless there were some encourag- 
ing circumstances also. The institution was fairly established, 
and its friends felt that its promise had been fulfilled. It had 
firmly taken root, and was drawing sustenance from an en- 
larging population, and from an increasing public favor. 
Though suffering, of course, from the war, it was not driven 
from its seat like Harvard, nor made the field of battle 
like Princeton, and when the independence of the country was 
secured, it started on a career of unchecked prosperity. The 
classes became large, and, as the event proves, had their full share 
of men of decided ability. The administration of John Whee- 
lock extended over thirty-six years, a period longer, by a little, 
than that of aay other President of the College, longer indeed, 
if I do not mistake, than that of any President of any college in 
New England. It was marked by a gradual and decisive 
enlargement of all the means and appliances of effective educa- 
tion. New professorships were founded, and better modes of 
teaching brought into use. A manly and eneigetic spirit had 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 27 

always marked the College. An unusual tone of civility and 
grace, somewhat foreign, it might be imagined, to a region so 
secluded as ours, visibly pervaded the little society, and spread 
its humane influence far over the region. 

The first college edifice proved to be small and inadequate, 
and during the lifetime of the first President, preparations were 
made for the erection of a better. Accordingly in 1786, the 
foundations of a new college — the present Dartmouth Hall — 
were laid, and the building itself was completed during the next 
year. It was a structure of some pretension in its day. It has 
lines of beauty and fair proportion that please every eye, and 
although of wood, suggestive of decay, if not of conflagration, 
no one of us, I am sure, remembering all that it has seen, remem- 
bering the footsteps of classmates and friends, of great men and 
good men that have walked up those well-worn stairs, — remem- 
bering the benches in the old recitation rooms where we sat, and 
the beloved and revered teachers whose voices of encourag^e- 
ment and direction still sound in our ears^ no one of us can 
look at it without a stirring of the heart. Why, its long entries, 
homely and rough as they are, are to me full of beauty and mu- 
sic, and I would rather worship in its humble chapel than under 
the sounding arches of Westminster Abbey. 

In 1790 a further accession to the conveniences of the place 
was made by the erection, at an expense of £300, through the 
joint contributions of the College and citizens of the town, of a 
building nearly square and standing a few rods diagonally south- 
west of Dartmouth Hall, which was afterwards used for a chapel. 
It had no architectural beauty without, but within it possessed a 
virtue which has made some buildings quite celebrated. Its con- 
cave roof formed a complete whispering gallery, and from corner 
to corner, a distance of seventy or eighty feet, the ticking of a 
watch, or a whisper inaudible at the distance of a yard from the 



<9. 



DARTMOUTH CEKTEKKIAL. 



speaker, could be distinctly heard. It was a building without a 
chimney, and never profaned by a stove ; and here before break- 
fast on the cold winter mornings, and in the dim twilight of the 
evening, muffled in their cloaks, officers and students gathered 
for prayers with as much of punctuality and order as characterize 
the more comfortable devotions of our degenerate days. This 
structure, which ought to have been preserved for its accoustic 
qualities, did duty for nearly or quite forty years, when, on the 
renovation of Dartmouth Hall, the formation of a new chapel 
within and the erection of new edifices, it migrated to the other 
side of the plain, and then, as if the soul of a restless Indian 
were in it, it started again farther north, and sunk, I am sorry to 
*say, to the humble -service of a barn. 

During the latter part of the last century, were fouijded the 
two great literary societies which divide the College, the "Social 
Friends" and "United Fraternity." Their influence on the Col- 
lege has been most marked and most salutary. There comes a 
period in the life of alm'ost every young man in a course of edu- 
cation when he specially craves books. Throw him then into a 
v\'ell selected library, let him roam at \s\S\. through it. become 
acquainted with authors and subjects, — read, inquire and exam- 
ine, — let him take part in the selection and purchase of books, 
and you have done the best thing you can do towards cultivating 
Ills taste for letters, and stimulating a spirit which he will carry 
with him throuorh life. All tliis and far more these societies with 
their excellent libraries have done for the many hundreds who 
have belonged to tliem. Among the general influences of the 
College, those which go to make up the genius of the place, I 
liardly know one to be placed before them. Other societies stand 
on a somewhat different basis, but yet have proved to be of great 
value. Among the most [)rominent of them are the Phi Beta 
Kappn, whose character wc dignity and discrimination has been 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS 29 

felt in so many classes ; the Theological Society which has done 
so good a work in preserving and guiding a true religious spirit ; 
and the Handel Society which through a long successioij of 
classes has preserved and cultivated a taste for the noblest music. 

Another circumstance which marked the enlarirement of the 
College was the establishment of the Medical School. Dr. Ka- 
TiiAN Smith was a man of remarkable medical insight. He had 
many of those qualities which have given fame to such men as 
John HuNTEfi and William Cullen. In 1796 he proposed to 
the Trustees of the College to deliver lectures to the students, 
and to form classes for special instruction in medicine. While 
approving in the main of his j)lan, they did not find themselves 
at that time ready to fall in with it entirely. The proposition 
was respectfully deferred, and it was not till 1798 that Dr. Smith 
received an appointment as Professor of Theory and Practice, 
and Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, with authority to teach 
and to employ assistants according to his own wishes. The State 
subsequently lent its assistance, and erected a building, and the 
School which has borne such honored names upon its rolls, wdiich 
has done such thorough work for the science and art of healing 
started on its beneficent mission. 

The early days of the College were days before we had got 
rid of the idea that respect and deference paid by the young to 
the old, by the son to his father, by the pupil to his teacher, are 
virtues to be commended and enforced. In most of our colleges, 
as in the English schools, a marked respect and sometimes actual 
service was required from the younger to the older classes, and 
certainly from students to the college officers. It was one of the 
"orders and customs" of the College of Xew Jersey that "every 
scholar should keep his hat off about ten rods to the President 
and about five to the Tutor," and "every Freshman sent on an 
errand shall go and do it faithfully and make quick return." 



BO DARTMOUTH CEJ{TEJ{J^ML. 

Similar customs were prevalent in Harvard and Yale and to some 
extent here. But these gradually disappeared before the com- 
mencement of the present century, while of the custom of cor- 
poral punishment administered by the President to a delinquent 
student, common at one time at Harvard, I can find no trace. 

We come now to times and events which tried to the utmost 
the firmness, the principle, the popularity and usefulness of the 
College ; events which it is impossible to pass over without 
notice, and difficult to speak of fairly and yet briefly as the occa- 
sion requires. The years between 1810 and 1819 were years of 
public and private controversy. An unfriendly feeling had grad- 
ually grown up between the President and some of the Officers 
and Trustees, the causes of which belong to the fuller records of 
history. This unfriendliness soon spread beyond the limits of 
personal relations, and beyond the Institution and parties imme- 
diately concerned. Ministers and laymen throughout this and 
the adjoining States invoked by one or another of the disputants, 
took sides and added to the general excitement. Political feeling 
which ran high, was appealed to, and the question became com- 
plicated, and assumed unexpected magnitude. 

The Board of Trustees was composed of men of remarkable 
ability, of great legal attainments, and of high character. Among 
them were such men as Nathaniel Niles, — a strong politician 
on the democratic side, a subtle theologian, an unwearied and 
powerful disputant, and of unblemished integrity ; Thomas W. 
Thompson, a lawyer of large experience, familiar with affiiirs, and 
well acquainted with public events ; Timothy Faerar, a jurist 
of great prudence and integrity ; Elijah Paine and Charles 
Marsh, lawyers of great learning, acuteness and power, of pro- 
found convictions, thoroughly independent and fearless; Rev. 
Asa McFarland and Rev. Seth Payson, among the best rep- 
resentatives of the clergy in this or any State, earnest leaders of 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 31 

religious opinion, and wielding the influence which belongs to 
pure lives and high moral purpose. The Trustees felt that the Col- 
lege was approaching a crisis, difficult to meet, sure to be attended 
with anxiety, distress, personal alienations, and unforeseen costs. 
But they were not men to be afraid or to shrink from a painful 
duty. The disagreements having become too deep and compli- 
cated to allow hope of easy, or perhaps of any adjustment, the 
Board, acting on its undoubted light, removed the President 
from office, and appointed in his place a young minister* who 
had already, several years before, declined an earnest invitation 
to an important and delightful chair of instruction in the College, 
and was now the happy pastor of a parish on the seacoast of the 
then District of Maine. With great reluctance and self distrust, 
and with sensibilities fully alive to the delicate and peculiarly 
trying duties of the position, he yielded to the repeated, urgent 
and powerful appeals which came from many quarters, and forsook 
the quiet and satisfying labors of a united and affectionate parish 
and a ^beautiful home, for a life of unwelcome contention, for 
unremitting toil cheered only by the inward reward of an approv- 
ing conscience, for unusual mental solicitudes, for an overtasked 
frame and an early grave. The action of the 'Trustees awakened 
intense feeling throughout the State. It was condemned by 
some as unjust and illegal, and by others as harsh and impolitic. 
It was defended as the necessary issue of along controversy some- 
what obscure perhaps, in its origin, reluctantly engaged in, yet 
having in the end but one possible' result, — a result forced upon 
the Board by their conscientious convictions and a deep sense of 
their responsibility as the guardians of an important institution 
in imminent danger of serious injury, perversion and loss. 

*Francis Brown, then Minister of the parish of North Yarmouth, 
Maine. 



32 DARTMOUTH CE:N'TEXKIAL. 

The Legislature of the State entered into the controversy 
and took sides with Dr. AYheelock. The charter of the College 
was at once superseded, and a new institution formed, to be 
called the Dartmouth University. A new Board of Trust was 
organized, and fines and other penalties threatened against any 
one who exercised authority under the old corporation. The 
college buildings and books passed to the hands of the new 
Board, and the old officers took refuge in an adjoining hall, and 
heard recitations where they could find a place. Their situation 
was precarious and uncertain. They were contending against 
the State, and the State, right or wrong, is no mean antagonist. 
They seemed to be in the position of rebels against the supreme 
authority ; — a small minority not only against presumed law and 
justice but against an eager political majority. Without funds, 
without personal wealth, without keys or seal,* the Board of Trus- 
tees nevertheless determined to contest the great question of ves- 
ted rights. They determined that the question should be settled 
not by political majorities, not by personal feeling, or private 
interests, but by the quiet unswerving principles of law, ex- 
pounded by the most exalted tribunal in the State, or, if need 
were, in the land. They felt that it was not their own interests 
merely that they were defending, but those of Harvard and Yale 
as well, and of every eleemosynary trust in the country. Were 
these to be fixed on the immoveable basis of a charter impregna- 
ble while inviolate, or were they to rest on the fluctuating oi)in- 
ions of changing majorities? 

In advocacy of her cause, the College looked first to the 
l(!gal talent of the State, a State which in her bar and her bench 
has always been represented by the highest learning and ability 
in jurisprudence. Her cause was argued in the State Court by 
Jeremiah Smith, Jeremiah Mason and Daniel Webster, and 

*The Seal of the College was presented to it in 1773, by George 
Jaffrey, Esq. . . 



HISTORICAL ADDFiESS. J 



o 



to name them is to name all that is profound in the law, and 
subtle and convincing in advocacy. It was opposed by the ele- 
gant skill and powerful legal acumen of Iciiabod Bartlett and 
George Sullivan. Chief Justice William M.Riciiardsox, with 
whom were associated as Justices, Samuel Bell and Levi Wood- 
bury o-ave the decision of the Court at the November term o!* 
1817, and it was adverse to the College. The case was at once 
carried uj) by appeal, to the Supreme Court of the United States, 
and argued at Washington in that lucid and powerful speech 
which first gave Mr. Webster his national fame as a profound 
lawyer, — aided by the silver eloquence of Mr. Hopkixsox of Phil- 
adelphia. Opposed to them were Joiix Holmes of Maine, and the 
Attorney General, Mr. Wirt. In February 1819 Chief Justice 
Marshall pronounced his luminous and convincing decision in 
favor of the College; that decision, to borrow the words of Chan- 
dler Kent, which '-'■did more than any other single act proceed- 
ing from the authority of the United States to throw an impreg- 
nahle harrier around all rights and franchises derived from the 
grant of government] ayid to give solidity and inviolability to 
the literary^ chaHtahle^ religious^ and commercial i7istitutions of 
our Country r^ 

There are some of us here who can remember the irrepres- 
sible enthusiasm, the cannon and the bonfires, which followed 
the announcement of the result in a letter from Mr. Webster to 
the President of the College : "All is safe and certain. The 
Chief Justice delivered an opinion this morning, [Feb. 2, 1819,] 
in our favor, on all the points. In this opinion Washington, Liv- 
ingston, Johnson, and Story, Justices, are understood to have 
concurred. Duval, Justice, it is said, dissents. Mr. Justice Todd, 
is not present. The opinion goes the whole length and leaves 
nothing to be decided. • I give you my congratulations, on this 

*Kent, Lect. 19th, Vol. I, p. 392. 

5 



34 DARTMOUTH CE:H'TEKJ^IAL. 

occasion ; and assure you that I feel a load removed from my 
shoulders much lieaA^ier than they have been accustomed to 
bear." 

Out of this severe and protracted contest the College came 
erect, indeed, but worn and weakened ; having held her honor 
and her rights, but with little else to boast of ; with vigorous spirit 
and pmpose, but exhausted in resources and with the sole privi- 
lege of enjoying her ancient charter, of re-occupying her dilapi- 
dated buildings, and of going on unmolested in her unobtrusive 
labors. The exposures, anxieties and toils of those years, cost 
one member of the small Faculty his life, and seriously wore 
upon the others.* An important victory was gained, and honora- 
bly acquiesced in on all sides, but as in greater contests, it left to 
those who were disappointed, a legacy of prejudices and unfriendli- 
ness which a whole generation could hardly eradicate. For the per- 
petual honor of the College is it, however, that to her insight, to 
her resolute energy, to her unflinching determination, in adverse 
times and under great difficulties, is it owing that other institu- 
tions and other charities have moved on unharmed, undisturbed, 
in their beneficent work. This contest was the great but unwel- 
come labor of the short administration of the third President of 
the College. 

During this period of agitation and doubt, when it was un« 
certain Avhether the authorities would be sustained, and the reins 
of discipline would seem of necessity to be lightly held, the order 

*The permanent officers of the College at this time, were but three, 
President Beowx, Professor Shurtleff, and Professor Adams. The 
Tutors from 1815 to 1820, were Henky Bond, William White, 
PtUFUs W. Bailev, James Marsh, Nathan W. Fiske and Kufus 
Choate. It was during the height of this controversy that Dr. Brown 
was strongly urged to accept the Presidency of Hamilton College in 
New York, then rising into importance, and with large promise of use- 
fulness, lie felt, however, bound to Dartmouth until the case was 
finally decided, and declined the generous and flattering proposal. 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS 35 

of college and the spirit of study and improvement were admira- 
ble. The records of the Triennial will show that never, perhaps, 
in proportion to the whole number of students have classes con- 
tained more young men of high ability, or those whose lives have 
since been more honorably distinguished. 

After the death of President BROAVusr, the Rev. Daniel 
Dana was chosen to succeed him. Of beautiful character and 
graceful scholarship, he found the annoyances and perplexities of 
the office too unwelcome, and he resigned the position after a 
single year of service, a time too short to allow the influence of 
his delicate and refined nature to be A-ery strongly felt. He was 
succeeded in 1822 by the Rev. Bennet Tylek, a graduate of 
Yale, and a minister in South Britain, Connecticut. His labors 
for the College were untiring and efficient. He did much to en- 
large its funds and advance its general interests. He increased 
the confidence, especially of the religious community, in the 
soundness of its j^rinciples and the excellence of its discipline. 
N'cAv officers of great ability and admirable skill were brought 
into the Faculty, and the whole scheme of instruction was made 
broader and more effijctive. During a part of his Presidency, the 
pulpit of the College Church being vacant, he took upon himself 
the public services, and in no way perhaps did he make his in- 
fluence more strongly felt upon the minds of the students. A 
powerful religious awakening marked some of those years, and 
transformations of character were effected which have stood the 
test of life-long experience.* 

*I believe that no student was ever excluded from the College on 
account of color, but during the Presidency of Dr. Tylek an incident 
occurred which compelled the College authorities to make a decision on 
this point. In 1824, Edwaud Mitchell, a native of Martinique, W. I., 
a young man with some African blood and color, who had accompanied 
President Bkowx on his return from the South, of irreproachable char- 
acter and conduct, apphed for admission to the Freshman class. The 
Trustees, fearing that his presence would be unacceptable, at first de- 



S6 DAETMOUTH CEJHTEXJ^IAL. 

Ill 1828, on the retiicnicnt of President Tylek, commenced 
the administration of tlic Rev. Xatiian Lord, which for its 
great length, the number of students who have been graduated, 
the enlai'gement of the departments of instruction, the addition 
of new schools, and the wisdom and steadiness of its conduct, 
may be considered among the most imj)ortant in the history of the 
College. But I am coming no^^' to times which have not yet quite 
passed into history. You are familiar with the scenes of these 
later years, and will recount them to each other. More than half 
the whole number of the Alumni Avere graduated Avhile Dr. Lord 
occupied his official position. The large majority of us received 
our diplomas at his hands. O that he were with us to-day, as we 
confidently expected he would be, that he might receive our 
respectful and affectionate greetings, that loe might listen to his 
recollections, and receive once more his welcome and his bene- 
diction. Long may it be before he shall "go over to the majority," 
and when the inevitable hour does come, may he be gathered 
like a "shock of corn fully ripe in his season."* 

clined to receive liim. Hearing of this, the students at once held meet- 
ings and sent a committee to request that he might be permitted to join 
the incoming class. The sole objection being thus removed, he took 
his place, went through the college course with honor, and was gradua- 
ted in 1828. Many young men of African lineage have since entered the 
College, subjected to no special disabilities, nor has one, so far as can 
now be recalled, been treated by his fellow students or by others, with 
disrespect on account of his race. 

*In 1851 the means of education under the direction of the Board 
of Trustees received a decisive enlargment by a bequest of Abiel 
Chandler, Esq., a native of New Hampshire but a graduate of Harvard, 
who gave $50,000 for establishing a School for education in the practical 
and nseful arts of life. This School has proved of great service to many 
young men, more than a hundred of whom have already completed in 
it their course of education. 

It may be proper to state here that after the resignation of Dr. 
Lord, Rev. A. D. Smith, D. D., Pastor of the 14th St. Presbyterian Church 
in New York, was chosen President and was inaugurated Xov. 18th, 18G3. 
It is gratifying to observe that the funds of the College have since 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 37 

There is not much time to speak of the general policy of the 
College through these hundred years of its life, but I may say in 
brief, that it has been sound and earncist, conservative and ag- 
gressive at the same time. As tlie motto on its seal, — vox da- 
mantis in deserto^ — indicated and expressed the religious purpose 
of its founders, so this purpose has never been lost sight of 
Through lustrum after lustrum, and generation after generation, 
while classes have succeeded classes, while one cor])s of Instruc- 
tors have passed away and others have taken their places, this 
high purpose of presenting and enforcing the vital and essential 
truths of the Christian reHgion, has never been forgotten or neg- 
lected. The power of Christianity in modifying, inspiring and 
directing the energies of modern civilization, — its art, its litera- 
ture, its commerce, its laws, its government has been profoundly 
felt. Nor has it for a moment been forgotten that education, to 
be truly and in the largest degree beneficent, must also be relig- 
ious, — must affect that which is deepest in man, — must lead him, 
if it can, to the contemplation of truths most personal, central and 
essential, must open to him some of those dejDths where the soul 
swings almost helplessly in the midst of experiences and powders 
unfathomable and infinite, — where the intellect falters and hesi- 
tates and finds no solution of its perplexities till it yields to futh. 
Within later years there have been those who have advocated 
the doctrine that education should be entirely secular, — that the 

that time very considerably increased. In 186G the Legislature of X. H. 
•passed an act establishing the Xew Hampshire College of Agricul- 
ture AXD THE MECHAisrrc Arts, on the basis of the Congressional land 
grant, and located it in Hanover in connection with Dartmouth College. 
In 1867 Gen. Sylvaxus Thayer, of the class of 1807, for sixteen years 
from 1817 to 1833, Superintendent of the Military Academy at West 
Point, by a donation of S19,000, subsequently increased to S60,000, made 
provision for establishing a special School of Architecture and Civil 
Engineering in connection with the College. The means of education 
now concentrated at Hanover are such as to meet the wants of almost 
every person who may seek knowledge or culture. 



38 DARTMOUTH CEXTE:N'XIAL. 

College should have nothing to do w^ith religious counsels or ad- 
vice. Xow while I do not think that this would be easy, as our 
colleges are organized, without leaving or even inciting the mind 
to dangerous skepticism, nor j)ossible but by omitting the most 
powerful means of moral and intellectual discipline, nor without 
depriving the soul of that food which it specially craves, and des- 
titute of which it will grow lean, hungry and unsatisfied, — as a 
matter of history, no such theory of education has found favorable 
response among the guardians of Dartmouth. At the same time 
while the general religious character of the College has been well 
ascertained and widely recognized, while the great truths of our 
common Christianity have been fully and frankly and earnestly 
brought to the notice of intelligent and inquiring minds, it has 
not been with a narrow illiberal and proselyting spirit, not so as 
rudely to violate traditionary beliefs, not so as to wound and re- 
pel any sincere and truth loving mind. And this is the consis- 
tent and sound position for the College to hold. 

With respect to its curriculum of studies the position of the 
College has been equally wise. She has endeavored to make her 
course as broad, generous and thorough as possible ; equal to the 
best in the land ; so that her students could feel that no privilege 
has been denied theni which any means at her disposal could 
provide. She has endeavored wisely to apportion the elements 
of instruction and discipline. She has provided as liberally as 
possible, by libraries, apparatus, laboratories and cabinets for in- 
crease in positive knowledge. She has equally insisted on those 
exact studies which compel subtleness and precision of thought, 
which habituate the mind to long trains of controlled reasoning, 
which discipline alike the attention and the will, the conservative 
and tlie elaborative powers. She has given full honor to the 
masterpieces of human language and human thought, through 
which, while we come to a more complete knowledge of peoples 



f 



HISTORICAL ADDRESS. 39 

and nations, of poetry and eloquence, we feel more profoundly 
the life of history, and comprehend the changes of custom and 
thought, while the finer and more subtle powers of fancy and 
imagination stir within the sensitive mind, and gradually by 
constant and imperceptible inspiration lift the soul to regions of 
larger beauty and freedom. 

So may she ever hold on her way, undeluded by specious 
promises of easier methods, inuring her students to toil as tlie 
price of success ; not rigid and motionless but plastic and adapt- 
ing herself to the necessities of different minds ; yet never con- 
founding things that differ, nor vainly hoping on a narrow basis 
of culture, to rear the suj^erstructure of the broadest attainment 
and character, but ever determined to make her instructions the 
most truly liberal and noble. 

Thus, Fathers and Brothers of the Alumni, have I endeavored 
to perform the duty assigned me of portraying briefly the course 
of our beloved and benignant Mother, from youth to venerable 
age. I should love to enlarge upon some of the familiar names 
which, when hers is mentioned, rise unbidden to our lips ; of those 
teachers venerable and ever to be revered, in all the depart- 
ments of learning, to whom we have owed so much, — of Pro- 
fessor Adams and Doctor Shurtleff, Professor Chamberlain, 
and Professor Haddock, Doctor Nathai^ Smith and Doctor 
MussEY, Doctor Dana, and Doctor Oliver, Professor Peabody, 
Professor Young, and Professor Long, Professor Chase and 
Professor Putnam. I should like to call up for special honor 
those generous patrons fi-oni Thornton and Phillips to Chand- 
ler, and Appleton, and Shattuck, and Hall, and Bond, and 
WiLLARD, and Thayer, and Fletcher, and Culver, and Bis- 
SELL, whose liberality has provided for the generous enlargment 
of its i^rivileges or has founded new schools, whose names shall 
be remembered as long as yonder walls and spires shall cast their 
shadows over these lovely plains. I should delight to speak of 



JfO DARTMOUTH CEMTEJfJflAL. 

the manifest wisdom of tlie State in concentrating here her 
schools for Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, knowing how 
well it is for different departments of learning and skill to look 
on each other with friendly eyes, and lend each to each, a 
helping hand. But all tliese must be left to other times and 
other tongues. 

With no pnrpose of personal advantage but with the deep- 
pest filial love and gratitude have we assembled this day. Of all 
professions and callings, from many States, from public business 
and from engrossing private pursuits, — you, my young friend who 
have just come, with hesitation and iugennous fear, to add yom* 
name if you may, to the honoi'ed rolls of the College, and yon sir,* 
whose memory runs back to the begining of the century, the 
oldest or nearly the oldest living alumnus of the College, the 
contemporary of Chapman and Harvey, and Fletcher, and 
Parris, and Westox and Webster, — you Avho came from be- 
yond the "Father of Waters," and you who have retreated for a 
moment from the shore of the dark Atlantic — you sir, our brother 
by hearty and affectionate adoption,! who led our armies in that 
memorable march from the mountain to the sea, which shall be 
remembered as long as the march of the ten thousand, and 
rej^eated in story and song as long as history and romance shall 
be written, and you, sir,t who hold the even scales of justice in 
that august tribunal, from which JMarshall proclaimed tlie law 
which insured to us our ancient name and rights and j^rivileges, 
unchanged, nntarnished, unharmed, — all of us, my brothers, with 
one purpose have come \\\) to lay our trophies at the feet of our 
common motlier, to deck her with fresh garlands, to rejoice in 
hei- prosperity, and to promise her our perpetual homage and love. 

*JoB Lyman, Esq., of the class of 1804. 

tGeneral Sherman received the highest honorary degree of the 
College in 1800. 

tit is necessary only to strangers to say that Chief Justice Chase 
was the President of the Alumni Association. 



HISTORICAL ADD li ESS. 41 

Let no word of ours ever give her \yAU\ or sorrow. Loyal to our 
heart of liearts, may we niiiiistei- so far as we can, to lier wants, 
may we be jealous of her honor, and solicitous for her prosperity. 
May no ruthless hand ever hereafter be lifted against her. May 
no unholy jealousies rend the ftiir flibric of her seamless gannent. 
May no narrow or unworthy spirit mar the harmony of her wise 
counsels. May she stand to the end as she ever has stood, for tae 
Church and State, a glory and a defence. And above all and in 
order to all, may the spirit of God, in full measure rest upon her; 
"the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel 
and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the 
Lord." 



ADDKESS ON THE RELATIONS OP THE 
COLLEGE TO THE LAW. 



BY HOX. IRA PERLEY, LL. D. 



Ix considering the relations of our College to the law, and 
estimating what she has done for the law, it should be borne in 
mind that the first and main design of her pious founders^ was to 
convert the heathen natives of the country to Christianity and 
educate them in the arts of civilized life. They looked forward 
it is true to the distant future, and, with a wise foresight, laid 
their scheme broad enough, in the language of the royal charter, 
to embrace education in all the arts and sciences, with power to 
confer any and all degrees usually conferred by the universities 
or anv college in the realm of Great Britain. But her endow- 
ments have always been scanty ; her numbers, till of late, not 
large, especially of those, Avho have devoted themselves to the 
law ; she has had no intimate connection by neighborhood or 
other association with any wealthy and highly cultivated commu- 
nitv. Her place among the literary and scientific institutions of 
the country has been modest and unpretending. 

If we look then to these circumstances in the origin and con- 
dition of our College, T feel sure that I shall not be charged ^sitli 
arroo-ance or vanitv, when I claim for her, that in the hun- 
dred years, which are now past, she has accomplislied all for the 



RELATIOJ^S TO THE LA W. 4^ 

law, that the most sanguine of her friends could reasonably 
expect of her. 

It is, of course, altogether beyond the limits of this occasion 
so much as even to mention the names of the men, living and 
dead, who have gone out from this studious retreat, carrying with 
them the attainments and the intellectual training which ena- 
bled them to bear a useful, an honorable, and some of them a 
distinguished part in the arduous and noble profession of the 
law ; who have contributed by their learning, their wisdom and 
the just weight of their personal character, to the stability of tlie 
law — which in this land of liberty and law, is but another name 
for the government itself; who have adorned and embellished the 
law by their eloquence, and by a high and honorable practice, 
and have aided largely to maintain the law in the confidence, 
the veneration, and the affection of the country. 

This is no time and place, I say, to call the long roll of those 
who have done honor to themselves and the College by their 
successful labors in the profession of the law. When however 
any, the briefest, mention is made of the relation which our Col- 
lege sustains to the law, a few names of surpassing brilliancy 
force themselves on our attention and seem to demand a special 
recognition. 

Foremost of them all, by common consent, without com- 
petitor and above all rivalry, you anticipate me when I say 
we must place the name of Webster, I know, and I concede 
that his fame stands on a foundation too broad, his proportions 
are altogether too large, to be compressed within the limits, 
of a profession. But he was educated to the law; he was long 
and thoroughly trained in the practice of the law ; and in this 
country, law, as he studied and practiced it, has a wider scope, 
and deals with higher questions than are e\er entertained in the 
tribunals of other countries ; for all the powers of the government 
are here derived under the written law,and when disputes rise as to 



44 DABTMOUTH CEJ^TENXIAL. 

the extent of tliese powers, and the conflicting pretensions of the 
different departments and coordinate branches of the govern- 
ment, it is to tlie courts of hiw, that we are bound to resort for 
the settlement of these high questions. The supreme tribunal- 
expounds and enforces the fundamental law, which makes us a 
nation. And who of all the lawyers and jurists in the land, but 
our Webster, has contributed most to establish the construction 
of the constitution on the principle which secures our national 
unity and our national existence ; a principle which is now 
cemented in the blood of a great civil war. And for this, his 
greatest work, his profound study of the law, and his long and 
thorough training in the law, were the proper and the only ade- 
quate preparation. 

It would certainly be extravagant to claim that Webster's 
eminence in the law was owing altogether or mainly to his edu- 
cation here. Providence, when it endows an age and nation 
with such a man, does not leave tlie gift to the accidents and 
chances of education. But may we not fairly contend that a bet- 
ter place to lay the foundations of such a mind and prepare him 
for the great part he was to enact in the law of his country he 
could not have had, than his youth found here, in the safe retreat 
of our College, then "in depth of wood embraced" and far 
removed from the distractions, the interruptions, and the frivo- 
lou?} occupations of busy life ? 

It was here too that Rltfus Choate "took all knowledge for 
his promise," wlio made all knowledge subservient to that marvel- 
ous ehxpRMi'je, wliose cliarmed spell lield in wiUing captivity 
hearers of all classes and all tastes; who was not always spoken 
of as the most learned of lawyers only because he was every- 
where recognized as the most i)()werful aiul the most elocjuent of 
advocates. 

Our College has had no direct connection with the legal 
profession through any school of the law established here. But 



RELATIONS TO THE LAW- 4o 

we may call to iiiiiid wilh sonic pride that wlicn one of tlie most 
eminent j mists of the country left his chair vacant in the princi- 
pal law school of New England, the man found most worthy to 
take his place was not selected from among the numerous distin- 
guished lawyers, who had been educated at that old and renowned 
school of learning, but one of our number, with the consenting 
approbation of the public and the legal profession, was called 
from presiding over the law of his native State to assume that im- 
portant position in the legal education of the country. 

Then again, when railways came to supersede the old meth- 
ods of traveling and transportation all over the civilized world, 
and innumerable new questions sprung up out of the new busi- 
ness to perplex the courts, it was another honored son of our 
College, who came forward to collect and analyze the scattered 
and conflicting authorities, to bring order out of this confusion 
and reduce the law on this subject to a, consistent and comprehen- 
sive system ; and Redfield on Railways is now the hand-book 
of the law, in this extensive and difficult title. 

There is one name moie that it would be unpardonable and 
ungrateful wholly to omit on this occasion ; I mean the name of 
Richard Fletcher, the elegant scholar, the learned lawyer, the 
eloquent advocate, the wise and upright judge, and, highest of 
all, the polished Christian gentleman, whose recent death has 
brought sadness to so many hearts of surviving friends and whose 
princely bounty has associated his name with our College for all 
time to come as one of her most munilicent benefactors. 

I must })ass on to remind you of one circumstance, which 
has placed our College in a peculiar relation with the law. The 
most [)rominent event in liei' history associates her directly with 
the administration of the law iu one of the most important 
questions, that have been entertained and decided in our'courts. 
It is beneath the shield of the doctrine established in the case of 
Dartmouth College, in her name and at her peril, that all similar 



40 DARTMOUTH CEJ{TEJ\rJVIAL. 

literary and charitable institutions in the country hold their 
endowments and their corporate functions secure against the 
fluctuations of popular opinion, and the interference of meddling 
legislation. And in that hour of her utmost need, when hej; 
independent existence hung trembling in the doubtful balance of 
the law, let it be remembered that she was not forced to go 
abroad to seek the champion of her cause, but found him all 
armed and ready, in her own most illustrious son. 

Taking courage from this glance at the relations of our Col- 
lege with the law in the century which is past, and cheered by a 
view of her present prosperous condition, may we not reasonably 
hope, that with enlarged means and increasing numbers she will, 
in time to come, as she has in time past, contribute her full share 
to the usefulness and the glory of the law. 

Through four agonizing years of civil war the land was 
transformed into one vast camp ; and amid the resounding clash 
of arms the calm voice of the law was sometimes but faintly 
heard. Let us rejoice that with returning peace the law resumes 
her appointed place at the head of the nation. And, met here 
as we are to-day, to commemorate the hundredth anniversary 
of our College, it is impossible that we should overlook the grati- 
iying fact, that the man, who has been selected from among all 
the lawyers and jurists of the country to take the post of highest 
trust and deei)e8t responsibility in the supreme tribunal, — a tribu- 
nal clotlie<l with larger powers, and charged with more important 
duties tlian any other that the world has ever seen — is one of our 
own nunibei-, who honors and graces this occasion by his presence 
and thus testifies to his continuing interest in the welfare and 
fame of the school of learning, where he contracted the habits, 
imbibed the principles, and received the early training, which 
prepared him so well for all that he has since achieved. 



ADDRESS ON THE LITERATURE OF 
DARTMOUTH. 



BY RICHARD B. KIMBALL, ESQ. 



It is the habit of colonies to indulge in the miserable pride 
of inferiority to the Parent State, especially in Letters. The in- 
dependent spirit which one hundred years ago prej^ared the out- 
break of 1774-5, produced freedom of mind as well as of political 
action, and in no spot more marked than at Dartmouth College, 
where the Eidolon we call Alma Mater had just been erected. 
Since that period, a company of thinkers and actors have yearly 
passed into the world from her severe but impartial tutelage, 
whose achievements entitle her to the appellation oP'mater magna 
virumr 

"As the body to the soul, so the word to the thought." The 
written word is Literature. Applied to a country, it is the ex- 
pression of the National Mind. It includes works on every sub- 
ject ; the exact sciences, Biblical learning. Education, Philosoi:>hy, 
mental and moral, Metapnysics, Poetry and Fiction, and general 
Literature. 

In examining the claims of nearly four thousand persons to 
the distinction of influencing the literature of the age, little can 
be expected in the time allotted to me beyond some mention of 



48 DARTMOUTH CEKTEKmAL. 

the more imjjortant or clistiiiguishecl, and a general grouping of 
others. I say important or distinguish ed, for it falls to the lot of 
few to be both popular and profound. There ai-e books in your 
libraries, written by Dartmouth men, whicli liave jiassed quite 
out of the knowledge of the many, but wliich are well thumbed 
and constantly read, and which fiu-nish topics of thought, sugges- 
tions, I was about to say brains, to the flying artillery men of 
letters. 

Our cold forbidding North drives us back within ourselves. 
This is why we find a deep, romantic melancholy (the same 
which tinged the nature of the Goth) running through the lives 
of our thinking men. It has made our College pre-eminent in 
writers on metaphysics, philosophy, theology and biblical learn- 
ing— 

"Of Providence, foreknowledge, will and fate." 

In Educational works, Dartmouth stands first of Amei-ican Col- 
leges. In poetry she is deficient, and of the little she has given 
us most of it is painfully didactic. In fiction she has produced 
still less. 

The College has from its foundation been distinguished for 
the number of its students who enter self-reliant and who have 
their fortunes to create unaided. Such men become philosophic 
and metaphysical or seek in the other extreme the glowing activ- 
ity of a practical life. Thus poetry and fiction have been neglec- 
ted. In general literature however, tli€ College has nobly sus- 
tained itself. 

Of the four thousand graduates, I put down at least one 
thousand as clergymen. A large propoiiion of these have printed 
sermons, lectures and occasional addresses. The legal gentlemen 
have also been i)rolific in their way, while the medical men have 
done a great service by their lectures and reports of cases. Tlie 
influence of all these it is impossible to estimate. I do not dwell 



RELATIONS TO LITERATURE, JfO 

on it because there are gentlemen to speak to these separate sub- 
jects. 

METAPHYSICIANS. 

In 1779, an extraordinary mstn graduated from Dartmouth. 
His name was Jeremiah Osborn. He Hved all his life in Litch- 
field, Connecticut. He was not ambitious of distinction, but he 
may be called a universal genius. His biographer asserts that he 
studied all the liberal professions and "some others." He adds 
that he was "Astronomer, botanist, chemist, mathematician, meta- 
physician, philosopher, poet, inventor, mechanic, politician, and 
— Christian"! We may add. Soldier ; for he enlisted and served 
some time in the continental army. He ijublished a book of cu- 
rious theories of the Divine Government and reviewed "Edwards 
on the Will." This man with all his acquirements left no impress 
on his times, nor, as far as we can judge, was his personal influ- 
ence of any consequence to his generation. 

A few years later, ISTicholas Baylies, a distinguished law- 
yer and jurist, published a valuable work on the "Free Agency of 
Man, or the Powers and Faculties of the Human Mind, the De- 
crees of God, Moral Obligation, Natural Law and Morality." 

The most practical and usefuj of American metaphysicians 
is Prof. T. C. Upham. Many of his works are in use in our acad- 
emies and colleges. The more important are, "Elements of Men- 
tal • Philosophy," "Jahn's Biblical Archaeology," from the Latin, 
"Philosophical and Practical Treatise on the Will," "Principles 
of the Interior or Hidden Life," "Life of Faith," "Treatise on 
Divine Union," and "Outlines of Disordered Mental Action." 
He is, besides, a voluminous writer on miscellaneous subjects. 

James Marsh w^as the most jjrofound and original metaphysi- 
cian of this country. His death at the age of forty-eight was a 
loss to the world. He was in all respects an original thinker and 



50 DARTMOUTH CEJ{TEJ{JfIAL. 

producer. He framed his own theories in language free from 
mysticism or obscurity. While he was devoted to the elevated 
and spiritual principles of philosophy of which Kaxt and Cole- 
ridge are the chief modern expounders, he differed from them in 
many points. His introduction to CoLERiDGE's"Aids to Reflection," 
is a most valuable production and illustrates the originality and 
independence of the writer. He was an elaborate scholar. I am 
not aware of any printed collection of his philosophical works, 
which in the form of essays for magazines, and of addresses, en- 
rich our literature. He wrote and published a good deal also 
on general subjects. 

BIBLICAL LEARim^G. 

Ethan Smith published early in the century, "A view of the 
Hebrews," "A Key to the Revelation," "Prophetic Catechism," 
"A view of the Trinity," "A Key to the Figurative Language 
of the Prophecies," as well as lectures and various discourses. 

Prof. Nathaniel S. Folsom, besides a great many arti- 
cles in reviews and magazines, has given a valuable work enti- 
tled,"A Critical and Historical Interpretation of the Prophecies of 
Daniel." 

Prof George Bush stands at the head in Biblical Learning. 
He had in the country no superior in Hebrew and Oriental litera- 
ture. He was one of the most profound students of the age. His 
commentaries in seven volumes on the Pentateuch placed him at 
once in the front rank of the Biblical scholars of the world. His 
style is glowing and affluent, his imagery natural and rich. He 
has the power of investing the driest subject with a living inter- 
est. His works on "The Millennium" and "The Doctrine of the 
Resurrection" attracted universal attention. He published a work 
on "The Physical Destiny of the Globe" and another on "Spirit- 
ual Psychology." He was the author of a "Hebrew Grammar," the 
"Life of Mahomet" and a "Life of Swedenborg," to whose doc- 



RELATIOJ^S TO LITERATURE. 51 

triues he gave assent several years before his death. He assumed 
the publication of the "Hierophant," a "New Church" magazine, 
and has written a library on its doctrines besides a vast amount 
for various periodicals and reviews. He was one of the most dis- 
tinguished of Dartmouth's sons. 

EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE, 

We point with pride to the achievements of our College in 
the department of educational literature. They date almost 
from the time of tlie first graduate. 

Prof. John Smith who took his degree in 1773, an accom- 
plished scholar and linguist, published a Hebrew Grammar, a 
Latin Grammar, a Greek Grammar and an edition of "Cicero de 
Oratore" with notes and a memoir — all valuable books and at 
one time in general use. 

Caleb Bingham was but a little later. His school books 
were for many years exceedingly popular. Xone of this genera- 
tion will forget his "American Preceptor" and "Columbian Ora- 
tor" which had an immense circulation. 

Elijah Parish was the author of a "History of ISTew England," 
"A Gazeteer of the Eastern and Western Continents" (jointly 
with Dr. Morse,) "A system of Modern Geography," and "A 
Sacred Geography or Gazeteer of the Bible." 

Pres. Ebenezer Porter gave a very popular and useful 
w©rk,"PoRTER's Analysis of Rhetorical Delivery," also a "Rhetor- 
ical Reader" and "Young Preacher's Manual." 

John Vose who was engaged nearly all his life in successful 
teaching is best known as the author of "Yose's Astronomy" in 
two volumes. 

Richard Burroughs gave us "A Child's Grammar," and an 
able work entitled a "Treatise on Trigonometry and Navigation" 
containing a "New method of working right and oblique angled 
plain trigonometry without the use of Instruments or Tables." 



52 DARTMOUTH: CEKTEKXIAL, 

Daniel Adams is a familiar name, made so especially by his 
"Sciholar's Arithmetic" now "Adams's Improved Arithmetic" used 
in our schools for half a century. He was also the author of "The 
Thorough Scholaj-," a Grammar, "The Understanding Reader," 
"School Geography with an Atlas," and "The Monitorial Reader." 

Prof James Dean, a man celebrated for his mathematical 
attainments, made a most valuable contribution to his department 
of science in an edition of "Enfield," prej^ared at the request of 
Harvard College. 

To Benjamin D. Emerson we are indebted for a popular 
series of school books entitled the First, Second, Third and Fourth 
Class Readers. Also for "The National Pronouncing Spelling- 
book," and "The Academical Speaker." 

RuFus W. Bailey, former •President of Austin College, 
Texas, w^as the author of a "Primai'y Granimar," and a "Manual 
of Grammar," besides some miscellaneous works. 

Benjamin Geeenleaf, a teacher of celebrity, is widely 
known as the author of a series of Arithmetics, which are in 
general use. He also published a treatise on Algebra, and a 
"System of Practical Surveying." 

Dr. Samuel H. Taylor, the accomplished principal of Phil- 
li]»s (Andover) Academy, and one of our finest classical scholars, 
is the author of a valuable work, entitled a "Method of Classical 
Study." 

Dr. John Lord, besides works of general literature, has 
published two School Histories. 

Prof Alfiionso Wood's "Class-book in Botany" is the most 
valuable and popular work of its kind in this country." It has had 
a vei-y large circulation, more than fifty editions having been 
printed. Mr. AVood is also the author of "First Lessons in Bota- 

Dr. Cyrus S. Richards, widely known as the Principal of 



BELATIOKS TO LITERATURE. 53 

Kimball Union Academy, has given us his "Latin Synopsis," 
and "Latin Lessons and Tables," important aids to the classical 
student. 

Prof. Hiram Orcutt, Principal of Tilden Seminary, is an- 
other teacher of deserved celebrity. He is the author of "Hints 
to Common School Teachers, Parents and Pupils." He compiled 
with Truman Rickard, a "Class-book of Prose and Poetry." 

Prof Charles Dexter Cleveland, is the author of sev- 
eral popular Classical Text Books, a "Compendium of Greek An- 
tiquities," a "Compendium of English Literature," and "English 
Literature of the Nineteenth Century." 

Stephen Chase produced a valuable work known as 
"Chase's Algebra." 

Prof. Alpheus Crosby graduated from Dartmouth in 1(S27. 
From his childhood h^ was remarkable for his \o\e of classical 
learning. In a thorough and intimate acquaintance with the 
Greek language, he certainly has no equal in this country. Be- 
sides his "Greek Tables," "Greek Lessons," an edition of "Xeno- 
phon's Anabasis," and "First Lessons in Geometr}"," he is distiu- 
guished by his Greek Grammar, which is unrivalled in its depart- 
ment. Grand as an epic, discursive as a narrative, compact as a 
piece of good logic, varied as woman, minute as Boswell's life of 
Johnson, interesting as a romance, it brings each year fresh hon- 
ors to the College by its increasing fame. 

general literature. 

The first commencement at Dartmouth was in 1771. Levi 
Frisbie of that class, besides several printed sermons and dis- 
courses, published a poem of 180 lines in praise of Moor's Lidian 
Charity School and Dartmouth College. It would seem from 
this that the institution was from the beginning appreciated by 
its sons. 



54 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEjYJfML. 

Dr. John Wheelock, for 36 years President, published an 
interesting work entitled "Sketches of the History of Dartmouth 
College." ' . 

Samuel Taggart was the author of a volume on "The Evi- 
dences of Christianity," an account of "British Impressments from 
our Marine," and numerous orations, addresses and sermons. 

It is perhaps not generally known that the Mormons are in- 
debted to a graduate of our College for the only literature they 
possess, to wit : their "Bible"! Solomon Spalding of the class 
of 1785 was several years a clergyman preaching at Windham, 
Conn. He afterwards became a merchant in the state of New 
York. Thence he removed to Ohio. He appears to have been 
a dreamy, dyspeptic man, afflicted with religious melancholy and 
general low spirits. The opening of a mound near where he lived 
in Ohio, in which was discovered human bones and relics of a for- 
mer civilization, suggested to Spalding the idea of a volume giv- 
ing the imaginary history of the extinct people. His work was 
entitled "A Manuscript Found!" Spalding lent the manuscript 
to a printer, v>^ho it is supposed printed it without his consent, 
before returning it to the owner. It was afterwards lost or pur- 
loined, but the universal testimony of those who read it is that 
the basis, and in a great part the form of Spalding's work, now 
constitutes the "Mormon Bible." 

David Everett, was educated for the legal profession, but, 
after a few years practice, devoted himself to journalism. His 
death in 1813, at forty-three, was a public loss. He was a man 
of literary ability and considerable poetic genius. He was the au- 
thor of the celebrated juvenile poem : 

"You'd scarce expect one of my age, 
To speak in public on the stage ;" 

also of "Common Sense in Dishabille," and "Duranzel or the 



RELATIOJfS TO LITERATURE. 65 

Persian Poet — a Tragedy." Besides these, he published an essay 
on the "Rights and Duties of Nations," and a number of orations. 

Bishop Philander Chase was one of the- remarkable men 
of his time. The West is greatly indebted to him for his exer- 
tions in the cause of education and religion. His publications 
are, a "Plea for the West," "Star in the West, or Kenyon College," 
"Defense of Kenyon College," "Reminiscences — an Autobiogra- 
phy." 

Dr. George T. Chapman, during a remarkably active and use- 
ful life,besides two volumes of sermons, is the author of "Sketches 
of the Alumni of Dartmouth College from the first graduation, with 
a Brief History of the Institution." This work exhibits extraor- 
dinary industry, fidelity and research. It occupied Dr. Chapman 
over eight years. It brings the College history and the sketches 
of the Alumni down to and including the year 1867. The Col- 
lege owes a debt of gratitude to the author for his work. I wish 
in this connection to acknowledge the assistance I have derived 
from it, without which it would have been almost impossible to 
prepare my discourse. 

Thomas Green Fessenden has given us unrivalled speci- 
mens of humor coupled with caustic satire in his "Terrible Trac- 
toration" and "Democracy Unveiled." He was all his life de- 
voted to journalism. He was a poet of no ordinary genius, and 
cultivated man of letters. 

Samuel L. Knapp originally studied law, but devoted him- 
self entirely to literature. His works are "The Travels of Ali 
Bey," "Sketches of Lawyers and Statesmen," "Sketches of PubUc 
Characters," "The Bachelor and other Tales," "The Polish Chiefs" 
"Advice in the Pursuit ofLiterature",a very valuable work,"Sketch- 
es of Americans and Female Biography," "The Life of Lord Tim- 
othy Dexter," "The Life of John Quincy Adams, "The Life of 
Aaron Burr," and "The History of American Literature," besides 



56 DARTMOUTH CEKTEKKIAL. 

numerous contributions to newspapers, magazines and reviews. 
He 2^aid the too frequent penalty of authorship. He was 
poor and not projDerly appreciated by his college or his country- 
men. It was left to a foreign country, France, to confer on him 
the honorary degree of LL. D., and when he died, (at fifty-five,) 
Americans felt they had lost a man of brilliant abilities. 

The Rev. Henry Colmax was the author of some valuable 
works, entitled "The Agricultural and Rural Economy of France," 
"European Agriculture," "English and European Life and Man- 
ners." He also jjublished a volume of sermons. 

George Ticknor, formerly the accomplished Professor of 
the French and Spanish languages and Belles Lettres at Harvard 
University, was originally a lawyer. His imperishable "History 
of Spanish Literature," is one of the glories of Dartmouth. 

Nathaniel H. Carter, poet, man of letters and journalist. 
He was called by DeWitt Clinton "The Addison of America." 
He died at forty-two. His . works are, "Letters from Europe," 
"The Pains of Imagination," a poem, besides innumerable contri- 
butions to journals and magazines. 

Dr. William Cogswell published a "Manual of Theol- 
ogy and Doctrine," "The Christian Philanthropist," "Letters to 
young men preparing for the ministry," and the first volume of 
"New England History and General Register." 

Prof Charles B. Haddock, was one of the most ornate and 
accomplished of our graduates. In chasteness and elegance of 
style, he has no superior. His published volume ot "Addresses 
and Miscellaneous Writings" on a great variety of topics is written 
with distinguished ability. Mr. Haddock at his death had a 
valuable work on Portugal nearly ready for the press. His con- 
tributions to the current literature of the day w^ere large and im- 
portant. Universally beloved, he may be called "Dartmouth's fa- 
vorite Son." 



RELATIONS TO LITERATURE. r)7 



Prof. JosETii ToRREY was a man of liio^h intellectual attain- 
inents. He is the author of "Life and Remains of Dr. James 
Marsh," "Neander's Church History," and many contributions to 
periodicals and magazines. 

George P. Marsh is a scholar of various erudition and a 
writer of marked individuality and nationality. He is best versed 
in the Literature of Northern Europe. Sympathizing with the 
genius of the Goths he has written several essays on their literature 
and history. He has given us an Icelandic grammar and w-e 
have few better Linguists. He is the author of a work on the 
Camel and another on the English Language. His "(xoths in 
New England," in which he defends thorn against the vulgar no- 
tions which are entertained, will give him lasting 'fams. 

The Re\'. Caleb Kimball has published eight volumes on 
"Experimental and practical Religion," which have had a very 
large circulation. 

Prest. Samuel G. Browx has produce<l an excellent "Life 
of RuFUS Choate" and a large number of addresses and arti- 
cles for reviews and magazines. 

Dr. JoHx Lord, besides the school histories noticed in anoth- 
er place,is the author of the "Old Roman World,"tl scholarly and 
classical production. Dr. Lord is one of the most accomplished 
of li vino- lecturers. 

JoHX B. BouTON, a gentleman of fine literary tastes and ac- 
quirements, although devoting himself to affairs, has published a 
volume of essays entitled "Loved and Lost," "Round the Block," 
a novel, "Treasury of Travel and Adventure," and many conti-ibu- 
tions to our current literature. 

We are indebted to Rev. S. C. Kimball as well as to Rev. 
Miltox Ward for a volume of poems. 

Dr. JoHX Ordronaux, the eloquent and learned lecturer on 
Medical Jurisprudence as well as International Law, who most 
felicitously unites in himself the erudition of the bar with great 

8 



58 DARTMOUTH CEKTEJ^J{IAL. 

scientific and medical knowledge, is the author of "Hints on the 
Preservation of Health in Armies," "Manual for Military Sur- 
geons," and "A Proposed Scheme for the Permanent Relief of 
Disabled Soldiers." 

The bar and the senate have equal claims to Daxiel Web- 
ster, as representing whatever is learned, logical, eloquent and 
})rofound in law and statesmanship. We cannot yet declare the 
judgment of posterity as to his jDolitical career, but his fame as a 
man of letters, sustained by his printed works is undying. He 
is most frequently compared with Bueke. With attainments as 
varied and with a command of words as rich and affluent as the 
former, his language is more chaste and his power of expression 
more logical and sententious. 

The active discharge of the duties of professional life has 
prevented many eminent graduates of Dartmouth from giving 
printed hoohs to the world. Of theological writers whose 
printed sermons, essays, lectures and addresses are conspicuous, 
we may mention, among others. President Fraxcis Brown, 
third President, and Dr. Daniel Dana, fourth President of our 
College, and Dr. Asa D. Sjiith, its present accomplished Presi- 
dent, Rev. Joseph Field, Dr. Samuel Worcester, Rev. Sam- 
uel Marsh, Dr. Benjamin Labaree, Dr. John Wheeler, 
Dr. Absalom Peters, Dr. Daniel Poor, Rev. Daniel Foster, 
Dr. Ezra E. Adams, Dr. Samuel C. Bartlett, Rev. George 
PuNCHAED, and Prof. Edward A. Lawrence. 

Of legal writers in this same category we name Charles 
Marsh, Chief Justice Wilde, Levi Woodbury, (a voluminous 
legal writer,) Richard Fletcher, Amos Kendall, Jonathan 
Kittredge, Rufus Choate, Chief Justice Parker, Judge E. P. 
Chandler, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Judge Daniel 
Clark, Joseph Bell, Chief Justice Ira Perley, and Charles 
B. Goodrich. 

Among: manv distincjuished medical men we raa3^ refer to 



BELATIOJYS TO LITERATURE. 59 

Dr. Fkederic Hall, Dr. Reuben D. Mussey, Dr. George C. 
Shattuck, Dr. Amos Twitchell, Dr. Nathan Dow, Dr..E. R. 
Peaslee, Dr. Jabez B. Upham, Dr. Alpheus B. Crosby, and 
Dr. Nathan Smith Lincoln. 

Of the large army of intellectual and earnest men, scliolars, 
teacliers, professors, whose duties and whose labors have been so 
incessant and faithful that no time or opportunity was presented 
to print their works ; who belong to the numerous company of the 
non scHptoe., but whose influence on the literature of the age is 
incalculable — what shall I say ? 

I say this — that unselfish, uncalculating, distinguished, they 
forego tlie charms and seductions, and perhaps the lasting fame 
which a printed work ensures, for the higher claims of laborious, 
conscientious and incessant duties. Who can forget these glorious 
and ever to be remembered men? At this moment their names 
crowd thick in my memory. I trust myself to mention a few 
only. Who of us can cease to remember Prof Shurtleff, the 
genial, perennial and original teacher of Moral Philosophy and 
Metaphysics ? What son of Dartmouth but feels a debt of grat- 
itude to him? And Prof Ebenezer Adams, the horn mathema- 
tician! Shall not our right hand forget its_ cunning before we 
foi'get to remember dear, old "Captain Eb ?" Time fails us to 
speak of Sanborn, and Worcester, and John Newton Put- 
nam, — who bid fair to rival Prof Crosby in his knowledge and 
appreciation of the Greek language and literature when he was 
snatched away from us — of our present corps of professors and 
of innumerable other teachers and professors over the land. 
Plonored are they in their labors, and distinguished in its perfor- 
mance. 

Mr. President: — I feel how feeble has been my tribute, but it 
is finished. So. much for the fixed, unalterable, monumental past. 
May I pause one moment on the shore of the dim future? Oh, 
Eidolon! 3Iater alma., nostra ! Another century will revolve, 



60 DARTMOUTH CE:KTEMJ^TAL. 

and tlioii wilt still sit enthroned here, while other tongues will 
syllable thy name and other voices recount the glories of thy 
children in 1069. AVill there not then be named a great Epic 
poet of the future ; a dramatist which shall rival him who now 
alone fills all minds and hearts; a metaphysician who will teach 
us what we do not dream of in our present philosophy; a man 
who shall show us how the load may be lifted off the heart of 
every human being ? 

We, Mr. President and brethren, will be elsewhere. But if 
memory and symjjathies are left to us, and who dare doubt it, 
thev will on that dav be roused for Dartmouth. 



ADDKESS ON THE KELATIONS OF THE 
COLLEGE TO SCIENCE AND THE AKTS. 



BY HOX. JAMES W. PATTEKSOX, LL. D. 



[It is proper to state, that just before the delivery of the following 
Address, an extraordinary shower of rain, mingled with hail, 
passed over the village, beating fiercely upon the Great Tent, and 
so penetrating the dry canvas, especially on the side where the 
speakers were, as to drive them to such shelter as they could find. 
Senator Patteesox, with other eminent companions in trouble, 
sought refuge beneath the platform. As he emerged thence, when 
the brief storm had somewiiat abated. President Smith put the 
question to the audience — many of them, like the Senator dripping 
with water, and all much amused at their somewhat grotesque 
plight — whether, in these circumstances, he should address them. 
The vote was unanimously in the affirmative. President Smith 
then called him out with the remark, that the audience would 
demand of him a scientific explanation of the storm which had just 
swept over them.] 

Mk. President and Brotheks of the Alumni : 

I AM surprised to find tliat so many of us have survived the 
flood, and if you had not voted a speech, I should have moved a 
song' of deliverance. My audience need have no apprehension 
that my remarks will be dry; but the tornado, which has 
swept down upon our festivities, has so violated all the 



62 DARTMOUTH CEjYTE.YJflAL. 

proprieties of the occasion as to baffle the possibilities of science, 
to explain or palliate the phenomenon. However, having as you 
see "come up out of great tribulation" where "the waters under 
the heavens icere gathered together unto one place and the dry 
land did not appear," I am prejjared to announce that this has 
been an abnormal effort of nature in symi:)athy with the occasion, 
to baptize us all into a new devotion to our Alma Mater. But 
despite the violence of the storm, it is good for us to be here. 
Our liearts have burned within us as the story of the College has 
been told in our hearing. The affluence and character of her con- 
tributions to the century have been re-called to our grateful 
admiration. The splendid record of her great names, her states- 
men, lawyers, and divines, has been sj^read before us in words 
that cannot i)erish, and by men whom other generations of schol- 
ars Vv'ill find upon the lengthened roll of her sons "not born to 
die." The College is no longer "weak ;" no longer "one of the 
lesser li<'l)ts in the literary horizon of our country," as when the 
jiblest of her sons stood forth in her defense. To-da}', her glory 
is the lustre of a liundred years of beneficent service in the cause 
of the State and the Church; her strength, the inherited fame of 
three thousand of her offspring whose labors have enhanced the 
olory of their country and advanced the civilization of the world. 

Tlie terse and eloquent recall of the jjlanting, the early 
stru<>-Mes, and the later successes of the College, by the orator of 
tliedav, and tlie masterly resume of its aclnevements in promi- 
nent deDailincjits of instruction, by others, have left but little to 
be added, and I wouUl ghully be silent could. the arts and sciences 
f^o lon<>- ne^dected bv the schools, to which I have been assi^'ued 
to speak, be properly omitted in a recital of the century work of 
an American college. 

If by some wizard power we could pass instantly froju the 
centre of our advanced civilization into the midst of a peoi)le 
who had reached only the rude arts and simple manners of a 



RELATIONS TO SCIENCE. 63 

primitive age, we should be able to realize the stupendous i)ro- 
gress of human history. Could we reverse the lapse of time and 
roll back its record to a minute and comprehensive inspection, we 
should be overwhelmed by the material and moral transforma- 
tions of society within the lifetime of the institution in whose 
honor we have assembled. 

Christianity, by awakening a sense of individual responsibility 
and enforcing the duty of personal investigation, by imparting the 
motives of a divine life and breathing into the social organism 
the spirit of a loftier and purer humanity, has unquestionably 
been the prime force in modern advancement, yet if we were to 
strike from the map of the century the contributions which sci- 
ence and art have made to the sum total of its progress, our 
comprehensive and powerful civilization would shrink to the nar- 
rowest dimensions. We should sweej^ away at once the distinc- 
tive characteristics of our own, as compared with an earlier age. 

The ancient masters of thought dwelt upon the subjective 
and aesthetic, and stigmatized the utilizing of knowledge, but the 
modern, deal with the objective and practical and stimulate im- 
provement by the applications of science. A marble of Phidias 
refined and gratified the taste of Athens, but a steam engine 
revolutionizes the industry of the world, and with it the intellec- 
tual condition of man. The steamship and the telegraph univei-- 
salize intercourse and intelligence and unify the civilization of 
the world. Mining, agriculture, manufactures and commerce, are 
invested with a hundred fold power and become the common 
vocation of nations. Mental discipline and artistic power, no 
longer minister exclusively to tlie luxury and distinction of tlie 
few, but ^^ ork for the comfort and elevation of all. 

Invention, applying to the multiform pursuits of life the 
laws and agents which science has evolved from nature, has be- 
stowed upon the individual a power of accomplishment beyond 



6Jf DARTMOUTH CEJfTE.YXIAL. 

the capacity of 'Herculean strengtli, and furnished the homes of 
the poor with the means of material comfort and intellectual en- 
joyment superior to the appointments of j^atrician palaces in the 
luxurious periods of ancient power. It has opened a new source 
of wealth and stimulated the masses of the population to strive 
after the best prizes and loftiest attainments of a Christian civili- 
zation. These have been the potent forces cooperating to trans- 
form the social condition and civil frame work of nations. They 
haA^e leveled or tunneled mountains, drained pestilential marshes 
and added them to the fields of cultivation ; built cities upon 
wide areas reclaimed from the sea ; founded opulent and populous 
States in the wilderness and the wastes of primitive desolation. 
They have overcome space by speed on sea and land and brought 
the most inaccessible peoples to all the markets of the world as 
consumers. They have quadrupled the productive power of la- 
bor by the discovery of new forces and the mechanical applica- 
tion of .old ones ; they have lifted whole races of men whom the 
ancient civilization left in profound ignorance, squalid poverty 
and unaspiring servitude, to intelligence, enterprise, and the 
capacity of self government and social progress, by presenting 
to their apprehension the power of knowledge and skilled indus- 
try. Civil revolutions even liave been necessitated by the trans- 
formations which they have wrought in public opinion, and all 
the foresight and learning of statesmanship and philosophy have 
been exhausted to conform jurisj^rudence and political institu- 
tions to the intellectual growth which the laboratory, the studio 
and the workshop have given to the people. 

Could we withdraw from the world all whicli tlie mathe- 
matics, engineering, chemistry, botany, astronomy, and other kin- 
dred branches have supplied to man's elevation and efficiency ; 
could we remove all the objects which art has created to gratify 
and ennoble his tastes, we should at once destroy the ])otential 



RELATIONS TO SCIEJ^CE. Go 

instruinents of his power, niid the great industries whieli arc the 
sources of national wealth and strenotli would dwindle to the un- 
productive and wearisome labors of a primitive age. 

I need not remind the alumni of the Colleo-e that of these 
stupendous achievements a very large part is due to the century 
closino; with the hours of this dav, and that nowhere else lias the 
work been so active as in our own Republic. But the inliuence 
of the higher institutions of learning, both in Europe and Amer- 
ica, upon the physical progress of society, until a period compar- 
tively recent, has been lamentably disproportionate to their i-ela- 
tive importance as instruments of national advancement. This 
has resulted from defects in the system. Individual education 
and the o-eneral advancement of learnino; are the two essential 
objects in the establishment of a college. All its appointments 
and functions should look to these. Hitherto our coUeo-es have 
not been so organized as to obtain these ends in the most eifec- 
tual way. The increase and diffusion of knowledge by an insti- 
tution, requires attainments and abilities in its faculty, of the 
highest order. Esj^ecially is this true in the sciences and arts. Nor 
is it enough that their teachers should posses affluent knowledge 
and professional training. They must have leisure for research 
and independent thought, otherwise }'our college cannot be made 
a place of learning^ as well as of education, to which a nation 
may turn for light and direction. We have no right to demand 
original intellectual work which will bring reputation to the in- 
stitution and progress to the nation, of professors who are com- 
pelled to be mere scholastic drudges, treading daily an exhaust- 
ing round of recitations till the virility and sap of life are all 
dried up within them. No man can satisfactorily fulfill even the 
lower functions of a teacher who has not time to advance with 
the progress of thought and discovery. He cannot supply the 
intellectual hunger of others, who is himself suffering with men- 
tal poverty. Equally destructive has been the financial incapa- 

9 



66 DARTMOUTH CE^'TEJ{Jf ML. 

city of our colleges, necessitating a parsimony which has compel- 
led professors to resort to outside work to eke out an insufficient 
salary, though exhausted with an over burden of appropriate 
home duties. Extraneous work, in the line of professional activi- 
ties may add to the influence and reputation of a college, if op- 
jDortunity is given, as in English and German universities for 
original investigation. But if the professor is forced by his ne- 
cessities to extraordinary and unusual work, though gifted with 
the strength of an intellectual giant and prepared to grapple with 
the profoundest problems, he will at length overtask his strength 
or do an irreparable wrong to his professional rej)utation. 

The legitimate influence of our colleges has been weakened 
by the want of popular sympathy and support. A much more 
serious draw back, however, has been the almost complete 
exclusion of the natural sciences from collegiate courses, until 
within the last twenty-five or thirty years. Art, springing 
from man's desire to better his condition, has advanced 
through every period of the world's history and had pro- 
duced some of its most curious and marvelous works while 
as yet, men were ignorant of the princijDles involved in what they 
did. Science, however, which is a knowledge of the laws of 
operative power in works either human or divine, had, if we ex- 
cept, perhaps, the physics of Aristotle, little more than a nominal 
existence previous to the sixteenth century. But the old Euro- 
pean universities, which were in some sort the models of our own 
New England colleges, came into existence long anterior to this, 
and hence the sciences were not found in their courses of study, 
which by a strange conservatism have descended measurably to 
our own time. At their origin, the classics were the sole deposi- 
tories of any thought either in literature or philosophy worthy 
of study and it was believed would thereafter be the common 
language of civilians and scholars, and hence they became the 
stai:)le of study in all the schools. 



RELATIOJi'S TO SCIENCE, 67 

The richer, more j^rofound and comprehensive productions 
of later civilizations have greatly diminished their relative value, 
but they still hold their primacy in our systems of general educa- 
tion, with more than Greek and Roman vigor. I would not sup- 
plant them but would elevate the sciences to their proper place 
in the college curriculum. Technical schools, like schools of law 
and medicine, should suj^plement the College, that science and 
the industrial professions, may build upon the broad and secure 
foundation of an academic discipline. Perhaps an extended 
course, including the modern languages and some literary accom- 
plishments for such as are not able to avail themselves of the dis- 
cipline of a full course of general studies, should be provided in 
Scientific Departments. 

But the establishment of the departmental school should 
never serve to deprive the future doctor, lawyer, or divine of the 
advantage of the sciences in his general training. Their value in 
a system of intellectual culture, is as well established as their in- 
trinsic Avorth. The claim that any production of a purely sensu- 
ous and aesthetic age or people, be it poetry or philosophy, elo- 
quence or art, imparts a purer inspiration or a stronger impulse to 
the mind than the study which reveals God in his works, is the 
mere fantasy of a partisan. The classics will maintain their su- 
premacy as models of taste aud vigorous thought, but the 
pretence that Juvenal or Horace, or even the sublime but 
pagan Plato, furnishes better nourishment to the intellect 
of a Christian people, or more readily awakens the senses 
to an adoring recognition of Him "in Whom we live and move 
and have our being," than Herschel or Humboldt, is as puerile as 
the conceit of the savage that his paint and feathers are superior 
to the comely dress of a civilized State. 

"Est omnium ingeniorumque nostrorura naturale quoddam 
quasi pabulum consideratio contemplatioque naturae," was the 
confession of Cicero whose philosophy rejected the certainty of 



68 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJ^JflAL. 

ph-ysical, as of all other knowledge ; and the greatest upon the 
roll of English statesmen has said that "by looking into physical 
causes our minds are opened and enlarged, and in this pursuit, 
whether we take or lose our game, the chase is certainly of ser- 
vice." The old curriculum ministered, we know not how much, 
to the sum total of hmnan progress by the faculty and power it 
imparted in the general discipline of the mind. Its high culture 
distilled slowly from halls of learning into the field and workshop 
and fructified their industries. Civilization owes an unliquidated 
debt to the early schools. They gave discipline and refinement 
but did not reveal the forces of nature or subordinate them to 
the will of man. The intellectual products of our day lack 
something of the exquisite beauty and artistic finish of those of 
the early time but they are profounder and purer. We are older 
than the ancients and have a ^^'iser and more 23racticable scholar- 
ship. As modern machinery has supplanted the distaff and the 
loom of Penelope, so experimental science has at length tri- 
umphed over inductive philosophy and scholastic jargon in the 
seats of learning. 

If, on the whole, the American colleges have played a less 
important })art in the physical sciences and industrial arts than 
in other branches of knowledge, it cannot be afHrmed of them 
during the last quarter of a century. If the bright names 
already given to immortality are less numerous upon their roll 
than in other spheres of human progress, their laborers now in 
the field are among the master spirits of the age, and their work 
is in the fcnx'front of civilization. In every zone and climate 
they are jjushing their researches beneath the depths of the sea 
and into tlie thick crust of the earth ; with unwearied curiosity 
they watch tlie moNcmciits of nature to discover her hidden 
laws ; obstacles and dangers, pestilence and disease allure them 
to tlieir <>enerous task; in season and out of season, in field and 
laboratory, by day and niglit, they keep their ceaseless vigils and 



RELATIONS TO SCIENCE. 69 

pursue their high vocation. Health and disease, poverty and 
wealth, every industry, every pleasure, all beauty and all utility, 
lay their offerings of gratitude at their feet. Our own be- 
loved Alma Mater has done, and is doing, her part in this great 
work. Of the living I need not speak, but the names of Adams, 
Young, and Chase, will be fresh' and honored in the memory of 
our children and our children's children, so long as sound learn- 
ing and true nobility of character shall hold a place in the respect 
of men. 

More has been done for the departments of physical science 
in our College within the last decade, than during the previous 
ninety years. The Chandler School resting upon the munificent 
donation of its founder, has already become a power in our com- 
munity. Its oldest graduates are yet young, but they are win- 
ning high honors as engineers, machinists, men of business and 
professors. Such men are jewels in the crown of our rejoicino-, 
and pledges of the future to the institution whose children they 
have become. 

The Agricultural College originating in the statesmanship of 
an honored senator of a neighboring State and enriched bv pri- 
vate munificence, and the generosity of our own State, has been 
organized under favorable auspices and is about to enter upon its 
work with every prospect of public utility and great success. In 
this brief recital we would not fail to pay a tribute of thankful- 
ness to General Sylyaxus Thayer for the gift of sixty thousand 
dollars as the foundation of a special department of Architectural 
and Civil Engineeiing. Prescient of the wants of the country 
in view of its unfolding material resources, the generous founder 
designs this shall be a professional department of a high order. 

Such are the provisions of our College for the future of sci- 
ence and the progressive power of art. They may not impart to 
the industry of our people, the manual dexterity of the East, and 
may fail to give to their textures such wealth of "barbaric purple 



70 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEKXIAL. 

and gold" as the orient showered into her magnificent fabrics,but 
they will supplement the poverty of our soil with the compensa- 
tions of science and enlist the forces of nature in the work of 
production. The skill of an educated people is more potent than 
the sorcery of the fabled enchantress, and evokes from sterility 
the elements of natural greatness and power, while ignorance 
stagnates in hungry servitude amid the wealth of a prolific Prov^ 
idence. Science touches the universal interests of humanity and 
is here made the coequal of the most honored branches in the 
curriculum of collegiate studies. Hitherto Dartmouth has been 
one of the high places of the land, shedding its light into the 
uttermost borders of the republic. Its watch fires fed by 
unwearied hands, still rise and brighten with the advance of 
truth. The century past is prophetic of the centuries to come. 

"The future brightens on our sight, 
For on the past has fallen a light 
That tempts us to adore." 



ADDRESS ON THE RELATIONS OF THE 
COLLEGE TO MEDICINE. 



BY DR. JABEZ B. UPHAM. 



My Brethren and Fellow Students : 

It is with unfeigned hesitation and reUictance that I take 
this stand in the attempt to perform my part of the programme 
marked out for this most interesting occasion, — not from any dis- 
trust in the merits of the cause I am called upon to plead or any 
scruples in my own mind as to the honorable position it deserv- 
edly holds in this high festival of our Alma Mater ^ — but from a 
painful consciousness of my inability to do anything like justice 
to the theme and to the hour. Especially since it is my fortune 
to follow close upon the lead of such masterly discourse as we 
have just listened to, upon a subject so nearly allied to Medicine 
as is the domain of general Science and the Arts, and upon 
which my distinguished predecessor has brought to bear so much 
learning and eloquence and scholarly lore. To law, — to states- 
manship, — to literature, — to military life, — to science and the arts, 
— to each and all of them, in these hundred years, it has been 
justly said, the College has contributed a galaxy of great names, 
which has reflected back upon her pure escutcheon a glory that 
can ne\'er be effaced. They, — I say it in no derogatory sense, — 
are the aggressive children in the great family of our prolific 



72 DARTMO UTH CEKTEXMIAL. 

parent ; their works are known, — are necessarily known, and read 
of all men. It is fitting, on a day like this, for our indulgent 
mother, — nay, rather it is her pride and glory, — to recount the 
deeds and daring achievements of these her most distinguishevl 
and gallant sons. In honorins; them she honors most herself 
But there are others among lier numei'ous progeny, — as in 
every large and growing family there must surely be, — whose 
ways are reticent and unobtrusive, but who may yet claim a 
share in the dear old mother's tender regard, — and it is just here, 
as an unworthy representative of this latter group, that I am jjer- 
mitted to lift, for a few moments, the curtain that conceals their 
modest worth. 

Ours has been aptly called the quiet profession. Its work- 
ings are for the most j^art silent and imseen, — its dealings are 
with the secrets of diseased and suifering humanity, — its best, its 
noblest deeds are closest locked up in the individual hearts of 
men. It shuns the noise and strife and tumult of every day ex- 
istence, and, as a natural consequence, loses mostly the laurels 
that crown the common heroes in the great battle of life. In the 
touching and beautiful words of Dr. Holmes, — words that deserve 
to be engraved on the walls of yonder amphitheatre, the scene 
of his early labors in that profession whose literature he has done 
so much to adorn, — 

"As Ufe's unending column pours, 
Two armies on the trampled shores, 
Two marshalled hosts are seen; 



One marches to the drum-beat's roll, 
The wide-mouthed clarion's bray ; 



RELATIOJ^S TO MEDICIME. 7.3 



One moves in silence by the stream, 
Calm as the patient planet's gleam ; 
Along its front no sabres shine, 
No blood-red pennons wave ; 
Its banner bears the single line — 
*Our duty is to save.' " 

For thirty years after the founding of the College it was de- 
voted exclusively to academical education. The profession of 
medicine was the first, and has hitherto continued to be the only 
one of the three great faculties of learning established under the 
auspices of* the College and allowed a separate existence of its 
own. It owes its origin, — this branch of the College, — almost, if 
not wholly, to the disinterested and untii'ing efforts of Dr. 
Nathan Smith, — a native of Massachusetts and a graduate of 
the medical department of Harvard University, — but whose 
mature life was given to this, his adopted State, and who so 
identified himself with the interests of the College as to deserve 
a place on the roll of YiQv foster sons, — next only in honor and in 
privilege to those who hold their title by legitimate birthright. 
This was in 1798, — the year in which Jenner sent forth his great 
discovery to the world, — than which no more auspicious era for 
the foundino' of a new Medical School could have been selected. 
For twelve years Dr. Smith was the sole professor of tlie 
purely Medical and Surgical department of the infant institution, 
lecturing upon all the branches pertaining to it in turn and sus- 
taining at the same time a most laborious practice, — doing more 
for the advancement of medicine and surgery in New England, — 
It is claimed on high authority, — by his labors as practitioner, 
teacher and author, than was ever done by any other man. 

This was the second, in the order of time, of the regularly 

10 



74 DABTMOUTE CEJ^TEl^XIAL. 

orojanizecl medical institutions of ISTew Eno-land. For a lono^ 
term of years it remained the only rei3reseutative of its class in 
this part of the country. It early acquired an honored name and 
upheld manfully the course of medical education,— quietly and 
unostentatiously planting the germs of a sound j^rofessional 
knowledge and a rational jDractice. Time will not permit me to 
more than merely allude to those who succeeded the distin- 
guished and hardy pioneer of medical education in northern 
N^ew England. They were men of no ordinary stamp, — men of 
learning and ability and genius, through whom the high i-epu- 
tation of the institution has been maintained and has come down 
to us undimmed, — an unbroken succession of honored names, — 
Perkins and Oliver and Parsons and Mussey and Bartlett 
and RoBY, among the dead, and among the living, — to name no 
others, — Crosby, Holmes, Phelps ; and I should do violence to 
my own feelings of gratitude and obligation if I did not linger 
for a moment on the name of one who is here present, my early 
instructor in both my academical and professional studies, — Ed- 
mund Randolph Peaslee. ^N'o more brilliant array of profes- 
sional teachers, I venture to say, is to be found on the Faculty- 
roll of any medical school in the land; nor do I believe that for 
real excellence and worth it can be surpassed among the medi- 
cal Faculties in any land. 

I have hitherto spoken only of those who have held the 
high and responsible position of teachers, — of whom some are 
and some are not to be found on the sacred roll of our alumni. 
But if we search among the starred and unstarred names of the 
college graduates, we shall discover there those who have filled 
almost every post of honor and of trust in the gift of the profes- 
sion. It has somewhere been stated that in the department of 
jurisprudence, for which the College has done so much, there 
were at one time, residing in the metropolis of New England, not 
less than seven of the sons of Dartmouth who were justly regard- 



RELATIONS TO MEDICIJ^E. 75 

ed as ranking among the brightest hiniinaiies of the law. And 
it is a flict of simiLar significance, it may be, that a few years 
since four out of the' six great hospitals for general and special 
diseases in Boston and its immediate vicinity, as likewise that at 
tlie capital of this State, had at their head a Dartmouth graduate. 

Among those who have received the honors of both the aca- 
demical and medical branches of the Colleo^e I need onlv men- 
tion the illustrious name of Twitchell to recall to your minds 
one of the soundest and most brilliant men of the profession in 
his day and generation. But I must not dwell longer upon this 
part of my subject. I fin<:l, on referring to the recent triennial 
catalogue, among the alumni of both departments of the College, 
tlie names of more than twelve hundred who have here or else- 
where received a medical diploma, — qitormn magna pars svper- 
sutit adhiic j — the sum of whose labors and the full measure of 
whose influence may never appear on the illumined page of his- 
toi-y, — but it is written everywhere, as with a diamond's point, in 
the enduring record of our simple and unpretending Xew Eng- 
land life ; it is treasured up in the recollections of a thousand 
New England homes, and is carried by our migrating sons and 
daughters into every part of this vast republic. 

\ye cannot but be struck with amazement when we contem- 
plate the rapid advance of medical science in the hundred years 
of our Alma Mater^s life. The single event in the history of 
medicine, which stands out prominently above all others in the 
two thousand years before, is the discovery of the circulation of 
the blood by Harvey, in 1628. From this and the simultaneous 
invention, by Newton and Leibnitz, of the fluxionary calculus, 
Avhich almost immediately followed, dates the beginning of that 
Avonderful advance of medical and kindred sciences which has 
since known no abatement or rest and wliose activity finds its 
culmination in the present century. 



76 DARTMOUTH CEJfTEJfJ^IAL. 

I have already alluded to the great achievement of Dr. 
Jenner, which comes within this period. And what a marvel- 
ous discovery was that ! I know of nothing previous, in the 
sum of benefactions to human kind, that can be compared 
with it. I do not wonder that a distinguished and devout medi- 
cal writer of the time said of it, "It is hardly conceivable that it 
could have occurred by dint of mere human reason, but it must 
be deemed a part of the j^lan of divine revelation and wisdom 
and goodness." And in little less than half a century later, with- 
ia the memory of most now present, the world is again startled 
with the announcement of a triumph in some respects superior to 
any that had ever before been vouchsafed to erring humanity, — a 
triumph that has annihilated pain, has lifted the burden that fol- 
lowed so hard upon the curse of Cain, has almost assuaged 
the very sorrows of death. I allude, of course, to that great dis- 
covery which went forth from the Massachusetts General Hospi- 
tal in the autumn of 1846, and which, — to quote again the felici- 
tous language of Dr. Holmes, — "repaid in a single day the debt 
of America to the science of the Old World, and gave immor- 
tality to the place of its origin in the memory and the hearts of 
mankind." 

I need barely allude, in this connection, to the vast multi- 
tude of lesser but most important inventions in medicine and 
surgery which, in the last half century, have followed each other 
with a dazzling rapidity. "It is the office of science," says Lord 
Bacon, "to shorten the long turnings and windings of expe- 
rience." x\nd how, in these modern days, has science itself been 
straightened in the fulfilment of its office ! AYithin this period 
pathology may be said to have experienced a new creation ; ani- 
mal chemistry and histology have h.'ul theii- origin; physiology 
has so enlarged its bounds as to bring to its aid tin; contributions 
of all science; auatomj', — jiuman and comparative, — has shared 



77 RELATIONS TO MEBICINE. 

the onward movement ; — so that the observations and enquiries 
of the physician based on the resources now at his command 
adn\it of almost the certainty of a logical sequence. 

And this brings me more directly to the consideration of the 
relations of the College to medicine in the abstract, — or rather 
the relations of medicine to the College. Do we ask loliy this 
progress in medical and physical science in accelerated ratio in 
these latter days ? The answer, in my own mind, is clear. It is 
the now almost universal recognition of the dej^endence of med- 
icine, — as of all other, so-called, sciences, — upon a systematic 
early education, upon a sound and thorough mental disci^^line, 
by which all the faculties of the mind are trained and made ready 
for the legitimate fruit of subsequent professional research and 
study. It was the previous mental culture, — followed by long- 
continued and patient experimental study, — of Laennec, of Sir 
Charles Bell, of Helmholtz, of Virchow, of Rokitansky, ofMarey, 
of Bernhard, of Simpson, of Dalton, of Brown Sequard, of 
our own Peaslee, that prepared the way for their invaluable 
contributions to our physiological and pathological and ther- 
apeutical knowledge. Harvey, as we are told by his biographer, 
had received the most careful and conscientious academical train- 
ing and, after that, passed five years in the best medical schools 
of France, Germany and Italy. Jenner had patiently pursued 
his investigations in the direction of his great discovery for a 
quarter of a century before his labors wei-e crowned with success. 
The miracle of ancesthesia was approached from different direc- 
tions and by several minds at once, and, when a comparatively 
uneducated though bold intellect dared to propose openly the 
experimentum cmcis^ the discovery already lay liidden away, in 
its beautiful simplicity, but in its full completeness and perfec- 
tion, in the laboratory of a thoughtful p'nysician and chemist. 
These imiDortant inventions and discoveries then do not come by 



78 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJfJS'IAL. 

chance, nor are they the rewards of indolent and unlettered gen- 
ius ; but it needs no argument to prove what all here are so 
willing to admit. I will only add my feeble testimony that, in a 
not narrow field of observation, in our own and in foreign climes, 
in hospitals and in private experience, in times of wide-spread 
epidemics and in the ordinary manifestations of disease, on land 
and oh the sea, in peace and in war, I have found it to be in 
medicine as in all other callings and jorofessions — other things 
being equal — the men of large and liberal culture are those whose 
power and whose influence are most conspicuous ; — and in send- 
ing forth into the profession her full quota of accomplished schol- 
ars our Alma Mater has done much to rebuke empiricism, to pro- 
mote science and minister to the relief of our sorrowing 
humanity. 

But the College has other relations to medicine than those of 
a purely academical aspect. One of our own great orators has 
said that mental culture alone cannot completely educate the 
State. "There must be action ; there mast be labor ; there must 
be difticulty ; there must be the baptism of tire and of blood," 
And if this is true of the body politic as a whole, it is equally 
true of its component parts, and applies to every calling and 
profession and honorable occupation of that community which 
makes up the State. Three times during her life our Alma Mater 
has passed through tlie ordeal of an exhausting war. If in the first 
m-eat revolutio)iary struo-o-je she did not send forth from the medi- 
cal ranks lier Wakke^s, as did a sister institution, to di^ for their 
country, it was because at that early day none of her sons had 
taken upon themselves the functions of the healing art. But in 
the second war with England and in tlie last terrible drama of 
rebellion especially, she has made ample amends. Wherever the 
rushing columns passed on, — whether victorious or vanquished, — 
there these watchers at the si)rings of life and of death were to 
be found at their posts. With* them, the battle was, for the most 



BELATIOJfS TO MEDICLYE. 79 

part, fought out in darkness and silence and sorrow. 



"For them no clashing falchions bright, 

No stirring battle cry ; 
The bloodless stabber calls by night, 

Each answers — 'here am I'." 



This was their baptism of blood and of fire of which prophetic 
eloquence had spoken, and if it be counted an equal glory to save 
life as to slay, what is due to the medical profession in this recent 
fiery trial of onr faith in freedom will sooner or later be acknowl- 
edged. The bulletins of war may not tell of it, promotions and 
brevets and the votive ofterings of swords may not attest it ; his- 
tory may be silent in regard to it; but the just appreciation of 
such service cannot always be suppressed. For the present it is 
enough that in this "great trial and great task of liberty" the chil- 
dren and the foster children of our Alma Moier have had their 
full and honorable share. 

I have already taken up my allotted time and I fear I may 
have tresspassed too long upon your patience ; but I cannot close 
without some brief expression of the personal feelings which this 
interesting and unwonted occasion calls forth. I feel it a most 
precious privilege to be. here to-day. I cannot look upon this 
large gathering of intelligent and educated men, who have come 
up hither from all parts of our beloved country in honor of this 
solemn festival of their Alma Mater — men of every honorable 
calling and profession in life, many of whom are known to me per- 
sonally, others by reputation and world-wide fame, without emo- 
tions almost too deep for utterance. The place where we are 
assembled is hallowed ground. It is consecrated by a thousand 
endearing associations. In whatever direction I turn my eyes, 
they rest upon the old familiar scenes. The circumstances of the 
time and place will excuse it if I give way to rhapsody in the 



80 DARTMOUTH CEXTEJ{J^LiL. 

retrospect thus forced upon me. I cannot survey these pictures 
of the past unmoved. I cannot contemplate these college halls, 
these classic grounds and academic shades without calling back the 
most touching reminiscences of the happy days passed here now 
more than a quarter of a century ago. I am tempted to exclaim 
in the ardent language of song once uttered on a similar occasion, — 

"O fields of toil ! O scenes of joy ! 

O learning's living shrine ! 
O dreams ! O memories of the boy ! 

O auld lang syne ! 

''Ye rooms, ye halls, ye rough old bricks ! 

Ye trees, ye walks of mine ! 
How are ye hallowed by the dreams 

Of auld lang syne !" 

The times and circumstances have indeed changed, — but the face 
of nature around us remains singularly the same. In the beauti- 
ful language of Mr. Choate in that matchless eulogy on DA:NriEL 
Webster pronounced here not many years ago; "The same out- 
ward world is around and above us still; — the sweet and solemn 
flow of the river; margins and samples of the same old woods; the 
same constellations that walk around and watch the pole ; the same 
nature, unchanging, undying, undecayed, is here. We stand at the 
fountain of a stream ; we stand rather at a place where a stream 
sudden and from hidden springs, bursts into light and whence we 
can follow it along and down, as we might our own Connecticut, 
and trace its resplendent pathway to the sea ; and we venerate 
and would almost build altars here." 

I yield to none in the love and admiration and filial affection 
and allegiance I cherish towards the de;ar old mother of us all, 
whose brow is this day encircled with the halo of a hundred years. 



RELATIONS TO MEDICIXE. 81 

^^ Felix prole vinim:''^ — * * *• 

it has been somewhere happily and truly said of her by one of the 
eloquent voices which have spoken in'her praise; 

m '^Lceta deam partii,''^ — * * * • 

i . * * "qualis Berecynthia mater,'" 



if I may be allowed still to pursue the quotation, 

* * ''^centum complexa nepotes, 

Omnes coelicolas, omnes supera alta tenentes.^^ 
11 



EELATIONS TO EDUCATIOI«f. 



BY S. H. TAYLOE, LL. D. 



Me. Peesident and Gentlemen of the Alumni: 

It is not easy to gather up and put in tangible shape the 
educational influence of a literary institution. It is less difficult 
to measure what it has done in some other departments. If a 
great legal decision has secured to indi\iduals or to the whole 
country rights and privileges which had not before been con- 
ceded, or had been endangered, the result is palpable to all. Or 
if eminent statesmen have devised measures to avert evil from 
the State, and to gain for it new advantages and increase its pros- 
perity, all feel and appreciate it. So too a successful military 
movement, or heroic daring in the face of danger, are themes for 
universal commendation. The same is true in the advancement 
of literature, science, or art. 

But in the department of education you require more deli- 
cate balances. You can never define sharply just how much the 
teacher has done for the pupil, and just how much the pupil for 
himself, or how much of his success or failure is attributable to 
parental and other influences. There is such a commingling of. 
influences that the relation of each to the other is difficult of ap- 
prehension. Still, the position of our Alma Mater to the cause 
of education is not doubtful. No other college has surpassed her; 



RELATIOJfS TO EBUCATIOK. 83 

no other, in proportion to the number of her graduates, has 
equalled her. 

More than a thousand of her graduates — bove a quarter of 
the whole number — have taught more or less after their gradua- 
tion, from one to fifty years each. Ten have taught from forty to 
fifty years ; twenty-four from thirty to forty ; fifty-four from 
twenty to thirty ; a hundred and twenty-one from ten to twenty ; 
a hundred and eighty-eight from five to ten ; and others a less 
time. The number of years of instruction in the aggregate is not 
less than six thousand five hundred ; and including the large 
amount given during the undergraduate course, the sum is above 
seven thousand years. 

S«ven thousand years of instruction, in which the graduates 
have impressed upon their pupils the teachings and influence of 
the College ! This power of the College has been felt to the 
flirthest south, and the farthest west of the country — all over 
the Ian 1, in nearly every State and Territory. Of those who have 
rendered such service, twenty-seven h:ive been presidents of col- 
leges or professional institutions. I wish I could increase this 
list by the honored name of one*' whose eminent services of nearly 
forty years entitle him to the highest niche on this roll; but another 
Institution claims the honor of his n ime. Over a hundred have 
been professors in diif^rent literary, scientific, and professional 
institutions. 

Four Presidents of the College have been selected from ,its 
own graduates ; it has also furnished three to Bowdoin, one to 
Williams and Amherst, one to Middlebury, three to Vermont 
University, one to Anrlover Theological Seminary, one toKenyon, 
one to Hamden Sidnev, one to Wabas'i,one to Olivet, one to Ham- 
ilton, *and one to Union. Then it has furnished professors to most 
of the colleges and professional schools in the country; and pre- 
ceptors for academies and high schools almost without number. 

*President Lord, 



8 If DABTMO UTH CEMTEJVmAL. 

But no such general statements as these will give an adequate 
impression of what the College has contributed to the cause of 
education. We must descend from the general to the particular 
if we would fully appreciate wiiat it has done. Select any faith- 
ful teacher who has instructed ten, twenty, or thirty years, and 
has had from three hundred to one thousand pupils. Look at 
the rough and shapeless material that went into his hands ; con- 
sider what attrition was needed to give it shape ; see how under 
his skilful moulding the almost inert mass puts on form .and 
beauty. Then follow those who have been subject to such a pro- 
cess, as they go to the duties of life. Watch them at the bar, 
on the bench, in the pulpit, in the professor's chair, in the school- 
room, in the soycial or domestic circle, or in any of the responsi- 
ble positions of. life, and you have the means of forming some 
estimate of the educational power which a single graduate of the 
College has exerted. And when the influence of this one is 
multiplied by that of the great number who have thus labored 
long, and faithfully, and successfully, we rise to the conception, 
though but proximately, of what the College has accomplished 
in the department of education. 

The length of time which such large numbers of the gradu- 
ates have devoted to teaching is of itself a j^roof of their high 
qualifications for the service, and of their success in it. Men are not 
continued long in a department of labor to which they have been 
called, unless they successfully meet its demands. N'ow are there 
not causes in the College itself, for the large number of teachers 
it has raised up, and for the eminence they have attained in their 
profession V I name as the first of these causes, the local position 
of the College. It stands among these hills, which give it a pure 
and invigorating atmosphere, and shut out those who gather here 
for ai> education, from the distractions and excitements of the 
more busy scenes of life. It'is far removed from the fashionable 
follies of the city, which too often give the student false views 



RELATIOJ^S TO EDUCATIOjY. 85 

and unfit him to be a model teacher. Then again : the College 
has drawn its students largely from a rural population ; from fam- 
ilies distinguished for thrift, but not enervated by wealth. The 
somewhat limited means of many of these families have induced 
the sons to devote themselves to teaching for a time, in order 
to meet the expenses of their education ; and what at first was 
only intended as a temporary employment, in view of their suc- 
cess, has often become the business of life. The sons of such 
families are trained to habits of industry, and their constitution 
is strengthened by hard work upon the farm — a training admira- 
bly adapted to give sound common sense and good judgment. 
Such an experience forms traits of character and imparts physi- 
cal vigor which are indispensable to success in teaching. A fee- 
ble constitution may for a while meet the duties of the Professor's 
chair, but it soon fails under the long protracted and exhausting 
labors of the school-room. Our cities furnish comparatively few 
teachers ; the great number are from the country. 

Still further : it is believed that the character of the instruc- 
tion furnished by the College has been an important element in 
the success of its graduates as teachers, as it undoubter^ly has 
been in other departments of life. The teacher must be a prac- 
tical man — a man of independent judgment, with a mind well 
disciplined, quick to meet exigencies, rich in expedients, logical, 
not so much a repository of all learning, as provided with the 
ability to acpMre whatever is useful. He must bo a master of 
himself before he can be a master of others. Now the College 
which has trained us, has done this very thing for us. The marked 
characteristic of the graduates of Dartmouth College is that they 
are practical, common sense men. The instruction that she gives 
makes "bone and muscle. She feeds her pupils with strong meat 
and not with milk. A college curriculum in order to be most 
valuable, must be confined to a small circle of studies. It is the 
man of one book who is most to be feared. These few studies 



k 



86 DARTMOUTH CEMTE:N'J^IAL. 

must be pursued long and thoroughly, for it is training, discipline, 
culture, and not the accumulation of facts merely, that is to be 
aimed at in a proper course of education. 

An Italian music teacher asked one of his pupils in whom 
he was particularly interested, if he had the courage to pursue 
the course that he would point out to him, however tiresome it 
might appear. On being answered in the affirmative, the master 
noted on a single page of ruled paj^er, the diatonic and chro- 
matic scales, ascending and descending, with leaps of a third, 
fourth, and the like, to acquire intervals promptly, with shakes, 
turns, appoglturas, and various passages of vocalization. This 
leaf employed the master and pupil for a year ; the following 
year was given to it ; the next there was no thought of chang- 
ing it; the pupil began to murmur, but was reminded of his 
promise. A fourth year elapsed, and a fifth, and every day came 
the inevitable leaf. At the sixth it was not done with, but les- 
sons of articulation, pronunciation, and declamation^ were added 
to the practice. At the end of this year, howeve-r, the scholar 
who imagined that he was only in the elements, was surprised 
when his master exclaimed : "Go, my son, tiiou hast nothing 
more to learn ; thou art the first singer of Italy, and of the 
world." 

Now while such an illustration is not strictly true of the 
policy which our Alma Mater has pursued with her pupils, it is 
aptly suggestive of her general theory and practice. Her motto 
has been the multura and not the multa. While she has been 
sometimes censured because certain useful or practical studies 
were not included in her course, her graduates are stronger, more 
practical, and more successful men to-day than if their efforts had 
been expended on a broader course, but with a less degree of 
thoroughness and discipline. The College has made no experi- 
ments in education. Always ready to adopt whatever is an 
unquestioned improvement, she has never forsaken the old paths. 



RELATIOJ^S TO EDUCATIOJf. 87 

She is not ashamed, even at this day, to keej) her pupils digging- 
Greek roots, year after year ; to require them to live in the past 
and catch its spirit, and to appropriate all that is useful in it ; the 
old mathematical problems still rack the brain ; and there have 
been no parallel paths here strown with flowers, into which the 
less resolute and persistent could turn and walk side by side with 
their hard-working companions ; the old dialectics and the new 
dialectics have given to the mind logical force, sharpness, and 
the power of nice discrimination ; while to a structure laid on so 
broad and deep a foundation there has not been wanting a grace- 
ful and fitting finish. 

No wise man will object to useful and practical studies in 
their appropriate place, nor to parallel courses when judiciously 
arranged ; he will rather commend and foster these within their 
own sphere; but after all no amount of skill in labelling minerals, 
in analyzing flowers, in assigning their appropriate genus and 
species to the^fish of the sea or the fowls of heaven, can become 
a proper substitute, in the training and discij^line of the mind, for 
the old curriculum to which our College has adhered in evil 
report and good report. It is an education like this that has sent 
out so many practical, well-disciplined, hard-working teachers, who 
have gone into almost every nook and corner of the land to 
enrich others with the treasures which they have garnered up 
here. 

Did time permit I would gladly give illustrations of the ser- 
vices of those who have been eminent in the department of 
instruction. .But of the living I name but one— General Syl- 
VANUS Thayer, long Superintendent of West Point Military 
Academy, and a munificent benefactor of the College. To him 
more than to any other man is the country indebted for the rigid, 
but wholesome, discipline and thorough instruction of that insti- 
tution. Though its curriculum is different from that of most 
other institutions, yet the high standard of instruction which it 



88 BAUTMOUTE CEJ{TEJ{J{IAL. 

has so long maintained, has had a stimulating effect uiDon 
teachers in all parts of the land. Thus indirectly as well 
directly the country is indebted to this distinguished alumnus for 
what he has done for the cause of education. 

Of the eminent dead there first come to our minds the names 
of our instructors in the College. What associations of interest 
and of gratitude cluster around the names of Presidents Brown 
and Daxa ; Professors Chamberlain, Peabody, Adams, Shuet- 
LEFF, MuzzEY, Oliyee, Haddoce, Cogsayell, Young, Chase, 
Long, and Putnam ! How does the mere mention of them im- 
press us with what the College has done through them in promote- 
ing the interests of sound learning ! 

Then outside of the College — Presidents McKeen, Apple- 
ton, Allen, Porter, Moore, Torrey, Wheeler, Marsh, and 
RuFus G. Bailey ; Professors Nathan W. Fisk, Jaryis Gregg, 
Frederic HxVll. Then Osgood Johnson — to whose influence 
as a teacher I. take pleasure in acknowledging my own special 
obligations — John Yose, Francis Yose, Samuel Burnham, 
Benjamin Greenleaf, Henry French, John Yose Bean, 
James K. Colby, Elihu T. Rowe, Justin W. Spauldlng. 

And if we would know to-day what the College is doing in 
our schools, ask w^ho direct the institutions up and dowai the 
river, on either side ? One honored teacher has held the same po- 
sition with distinguished ability for thirty-four years. Who is 
the State Superintendent of schools? What is the College do- 
ing at New Ipswich, at New London, at Milford, at Manchester, 
at Nashua, at Deny, at Exeter, at Portsmouth ? . Then go to 
Massachusetts and learn its power there : Who hold the high 
places in Haverhill, in Lawrence, in Lowell, in Woburn, in Dan- 
vers, in Lynn, in Charlestown, in Auburndale, in Jamaica Plains, 
in Dedham, in Fall River, in Abington, in the great Industrial 
Institute at Worcester? What educational influence is the Col- 
lege diffusing in Medford, what in Needham, what in Charlestown, 



relatio:n'S to ebucatiok. sa 

what in Boston? Who is the oldest and one of the most successful 
teachers in Salem? Who superintends the Lawrence schools, 
who the Northampton schools, who the Cambridge schools, who 
the Boston schools ? Who is the Agent of the Massachusetts 
Board of Education — not to name some of the members of that 
Board? Who is at the head of the Connecticut Normal School, 
and who is the chief of the Bureau of Education at. Washington ? 
I would gladly go further and allude to others, but it is not 
needful. If all the light that has been shed over the land by the 
teachers who have gone from this great centre were extinguished, 
how great would be the darkness ! When the balances shall be 
finally struck, it may be said without fear of contradiction, that 
in no department of its influence has the College done more for 
the world than in that of education, except it be in its moral and • 
religious power, of which my friend is about to speak. 

11 



KELATIONS TO EELIGIOIf. 



BY PEOF. SAMUEL C. BAETLETT, D. D. 



In setting forth the relation of our Alma Mater to the 
Christian Religion, it is fitting that I give you her deeds rather 
than my words, and that all terms of eulogy be reserved for the 
dead. But how shall I unfold in twenty minutes her chief life 
for a century? 

Dartmouth College was conceived in the fervor of piety, born 
in the throes of a great missionary zeal, dedicated at birth to 
Cheist, cradled the first year in a revival, and stands wedded to 
religion — until death. Fortunate in its founder, — for the College, 
in its infancy, was largely a projection of Eleazee Wheelock, 
— originated, planned, moulded, built, governed by him, and by 
his efibrts first endowed, — he could say, as no other man of a 
similar institution, "The College, it is myself" One of the most 
princely preachers of his age, formed in the "Great Awakening;" 
with an ardor that was capable in "a twelve-month of a hundred 
more sermons than the days of the year ;" with a spirit both conser- 
vative and progressive, which made him a "New Light" but not a 
"Separatist;" with a breadth of view that not only organized the 
missionary work for the Indians, but first conceived the plan of 
raising the missionaries from among themselves, and with ai; 



RELATIOJ^S TO RELIGIO:^. . 91 

executive force able to master all the immense difficulties of 
planting at once a college and a colony in the wilderness ; he 
became a type and prophecy of the institution that he founded. 
Its relation to the cause of Christ was, of set purpose, to be 
ultimate and fundamental. In its graduates it has Avrought 
grandly for statesmanship and jurisprudence, won laurels in lite- 
rature and science, shone in the healing art and in the terrible 
remedy of the battle-field.. But these results have after all been 
incidental ; and it is historically true that even the work of edu- 
cation was, in its founder's miud, subservient to that of religion. 

Nor has the College proved altogether false to this ideal. 
Its religious character and influence has been most distinct and 
positive, — well nigh its foremost fact. Its founder and chief sup- 
porters would have had no clear conviction of doing good to the 
world by the mere increase of intellectual force, unregulated and 
unconsecrated. Its Trustees for a hundred years present an 
almost unbroken roll of men pledged by life and covenant to the 
gospel of Christ. Its presiding officers have all been uncompro- 
mising defenders of the faith. Its long line of permanent aca- 
demic instructors contains no name of an irreligious or even of a 
non-religious man. Many of them have been specially faithful 
Christians. And the deAvs of heaven have descended on the 
College. A multitude of young men have here learned to 
respect religion and its ordinances ; and some hundreds have 
also here first embraced it. Seldom has any man gone hence to 
scofif. 

The influence of the College has been always and openly 
what is called evangelical. It has never aimed nor j^retended to 
be otherwise, nor has it for one hour of its history given an uncer- 
tain sound. In view of its origin and history no man has even 
asked or hoped for a change. Fixed as these New-Hampshire 
liills, it too, stands on the Primitive Rock. 



02 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEXMIAL. 

The influence of the College in religion, has also been regu- 
lative and conservative. As in its charter, so in its creed, it has 
stood for the ancient landmarks, and its motion has been chiefly 
beside the old paths. . Such chariot wheels as Wheelock, 
Brown, Tyler, Dana, have a clear ring of safety and of tough- 
ness. The College has, on the whole, planted itself conspicu- 
ously on the sound maxim, "Prove all things, hold fast that which 
is good." It has had no pet notions, nor one-eyed methods. It has 
gone for truth in preference to novelty; sense to sensation ; and 
has sent forth a body of religious men unsurpassed for the round- 
ness and soundness of their views and their lives. Fortunate is 
the Good Mother who can count among the jewels of her own 
polishing such men as the crystalline McKeen, the adamantine 
Worcester, the finished and fleckless Porter, Appleton with 
his sparkling purity and power, Bro^vx with his clean- cut sym- 
metry and strength of mind and heart — Burton, Wood, 
Hyde, Packard, 'Harris, M^oore, Thomas Merrill, James 
Marsh, Wheeler, Torrey, Snell, and the long list of noble 
men formed after that type. They stand in goodly array like 
these rounded maples that grace the college green. In them is 
beauty ; beneath them is refreshment an<l rest. The religious 
character of the Institution has also been truly catholic. Con- 
ducted chiefly by members of the Congregational communion, it 
has never protruded its distinctive tenets on its students. The 
young man has always felt the steady pressure of a religious but 
never a sectarian hand. It has sent forth two eminent prelates 
and scores of presbyters of the Episcopal Church. It has edu- 
cated the educators of the Presbyterian, Baptist, and Freewill 
Baptist ministry, and its sons have abundantly passed over from 
the polity of their fathers to other connections; and they arc 
found to-day in every communion that honors the name of 
Christ. 



RELATIOJ^S TO RELIGIOjY. 93 

The religious influence of the College, from the fountain 
through all the streams, has been eminently practical. This may- 
be clue as much to the quality of the pupils as of their teachers, — 
drawn together by mutual affinity. But such is the patent fact ; 
the religious spirit which has gone forth from this College has 
been a strong working power. It is her glory to have sent out a 
singular host of aseful men, faithful and forceful in all the call- 
ings of human life, certainly unsurpassed in the history of Amer- 
ican colleges. Other institutions may have excelled her in the 
products that glitter ; none in those that are beautiful and strong. 
She has sent forth men who, if they have not Avritten,- have yet 
made both history and poetry. There has been no mist on their 
brain-pans, no vagueness in tlieir aim, no feebleness in their 
stroke. 

These things are simply matters of history. The College 
has been a place of religious revivals. The first year witnessed 
a powerful work of grace, that swept through the colony. Asa 
Burton's college life is said to have passed through three special- 
seasons of awakening. And though the record is incomplete, six- 
ty-five years of the history of the institution include nine revi- 
vals of power, numbering among their converts many men of the 
highest standing in church and in state. The drift of the Col- 
lege is shown in the number of its graduates who have entered 
the ministry; in eight of its first fifteen classes, a majority, amount- 
ing sometimes to five-sixths; in the twenty classes occupying 
the middle of its history (from 1810 to 1830,) one-third; and 
nearly one-fourth of all from the beginning to the present time. 
One-fourth of the preachei-s from twenty-nine consecutive classes 
were con>'erted during their college coarse. Perhaps the pro- 
portion would hold throughout; for many of us here to-day arc 
instances in point and some of us can remember the time when 
the noon recitation was followed by the 2:)rayer meeting, and the 
class attended. 



H DARTMOUTH CEXTEJ^JfML. 

This steady influence has formed the whole tone of senti- 
ment. The moral atmosphere of the College has been eminently 
— shall I not say permanently — healthy. For a lad far away from 
his home, there has been, I believe there is, no safer place. Law 
and order and innocence have reigned. Here have been no open 
haunts of vice, nor scenes of irrepressible riot. The student has 
not taken the life of his fellow, nor thrust his dagger into his tu- 
tor's heart. No band of bullies has ever yet put down the Col- 
lege Faculty; or given law to the Trustees. Some of us have 
seen the reckless and even the profane and profligate here brought 
to the Cross. A wholesome influence has clung to the great 
body of those who have not yielded thus. They have largely be- 
come respecters if not supporters, of religion. And it is remark- 
able how few of our Alumni have ever been its open foes. Sol- 
OMAN Spalding had indeed an unfortunate, but an unwitting re- 
lation to the Mormon Bible. What if one graduate with the blood 
of John Robinson and Miles Standish in his veins, did advo- 
cate Deism? Or if some solitary editor claiming descent from 
John Rogers did pour contempt on "meeting-house religion?" 
Or some ardent Reformer* denounce the American Church as a 
"Brotherhood of theives." It is marvellous how few such grapes 
of gall hung from this goodly vine. You can count them on the 
fingers of your hand. 

The spirit of reverence for religion has followed her sons into 
all the walks of life. Her Statesmen, like Webster and Choate, 
have spoken eloquent words in its behalf. She has had in such 
men as Mussly, Shattuck, and Lyndon Smith, her good phy- 
sicians ; her beneficent Christian lawyers, represented by Mills 
Olcott, Charles Marsh and Richard Fletcher ; her Christian 
business men by Bradley, Bannister and Aiken ; and a great 
host of Christian teachers in every department of instruction. 
Her metaphysicians, L^pham, Marsh and Long, have always rea^ 



BELATIOMS TO RELIGIOK, 96 

soned in the fear of God ; while all the speculations of Burton 
did not hinder him from gathering four hundred and ninety dis- 
ciples into the kingdom. 

But still more abundant and direct has been the connection 
of the College with the Master's cause. This has been eminently 
a clerical and a missionary institution. Its religious agency has 
been felt in every State of the Union, and almost every accessi- 
ble nation on the globe. It costs but a breath to say that near 
nine hundred of its graduates have been preachers of the gospel. 
But it will require an eternity to unfold the full meaning of that 
fact. Even the shortest and obscurest of pastorates are some of 
them written in heaven in letters of light. But in glancing 
down the catalogue of graduates for the first forty years alone, 
we read of Laban Ainsworth seventy-five years pastor of one 
church, Thomas Snell sixty-four, Brown Emerson sixty-two, 
Zachariah Green sixty-one, John Fiske and Reuben Emer- 
son each sixty ; Joseph Vaill fifty-eight, Theophilus Packard 
fifty-six, four pastorates of fifty-five years' length, two of fifty- 
three, three of fifty, two of forty-nine, eight of over forty-five, 
eleven of forty arid upwards, twenty-five of more than thirty 
years, and many others exceeding a quarter of a century. Let 
single specimens tell what such men did for Christ. Behold, 
then, McFarland in a shorter pastorate of twenty-seven years, 
besides all his other activities, receiving four hundred and thirty 
'members to his church at Concord ; Wood of Boscawen receiv- 
ing four hundred and eighty church members by profession,train- 
ing a hundred men for college, — among them Daniel and Eze- 
KiEL Webster, — and changing the character of the whole town- 
ship ; Bezaleel Pinneo gathering seven hundred and sixteen 
souls into the church at Milford, Ct., and Ethan Osborn six hun- 
dred into that at Fairfield, N. J. ; Hyde at Lee, Mass., welcoming 
seven hundred church members and training thirty-six young 



96 DARTMOUTH CEJ^TEJfJflAL. 

preachers; Buetox, at Thetford,Vt., with his wide-spread influence, 
his church full of converts and his sixty students of theology. 
See Mase Shepard at Little Corapton, R. I., in one of several 
revivals receive seven hundred and twenty converts in a 
twelve-month, and Hidden organize the church at Tarn worth, 
and fill it with five hundred in.enibers,-^two hundred of them in 
one revival ; see Harris revolutionize the religious aspects of 
Dunbarton and for forty years weave his influence "like a thread 
of gold with the strength of iron" through the whole character 
of that people ; remember the long and faithful labors in our 
own State alone, not only of Ainsworth and Wood and Pinned. 
and Harris, but of such men as Burnham at Pembroke, Kelley 
at Hampstead, Rowland at Exeter, Prentice at l^orthwood, 
Bradford at Francestown, — to omit all mention of the living; — 
ponder the mighty complex influence of that whole class of men, 
of which these are but salient members, upon every high interest 
of the commonwealth for a hundred years, as that influence can 
be traced in many a town to-day, coming down like a track of 
heavenly light; and we may well say, it were but a slight 
acknowledgement of this one form of indebtedness, were the 
State to-day to give the old College a thousand dollars a year for, 
every year of her life time. The long, steady influence of these 
hundreds of pastors silently but mightily building all that is 
lovely and good, no eye but the omniscient can fully -fathom. 

Nor of the pastors alone. The College has trained a small 
army of religious pioneers ; evangelists and missionaries at home 
and abroad. Who can estimate the fruits of John Sawyer's 
seventy-one years' ministry all through the State of Maine; the 
Herculean • labors of Philander Chase in New- York, Ohio, 
Illinois ; the long and glorious career of Thaddeus Osgood — 
stranger and pilgrim on the earth :* Or the achievements of such 
a man as Benjamin Woodbury, whose name is best known in 



RELATIOKS TO RELIGIOjY. 97 

the records of heaven, and in the Mauniee valley on eurtli, where 
he beheld five hundred converts in one revival ? And these are 
but specimens. For as I look back over the growth of the 
nation, I see all the paths of the emigrant dotted with the tracks of 
the missionary from these College Halls. I find in tlie first quar- 
ter of the present century, nearly fifty of our alumni ordained as 
evangelists or going forth as home missionaries. I watch Ful- 
ler, Phelps, Porter and Riddell on their missionary journeys 
through Xew-York, and Osgood founding the first church at Buf- 
falo ; Saattjel Sargent as he pushes through Northern Vermont? 
New-York and Pennsylvania; Daxiel Story, at. Marietta, first 
preacher of the gospel in Ohio, and Abiel Jqxes almost simul- 
taneously entering the Western Reserve on the North ; in later 
times Ellis active in establishing Illinois and Wabash Colleges ; 
while graduates now living have aided in laying the foundations, 
of christain churches and literary institutions in Iowa, Minnesota, 
Texas, Oregon, and California. 

If we look to the foreign field, we find a noble record. 
From the earliest classes, Frisbie, Ripley, Hibbard, Dean, 
Kimball, Cram and Judson, preached the gospel to the Dela- 
wares on tlie Muskingum, the Oneidas on the Susquehanna, the 
Stockbridges in Massachusetts, and the tribes of Maine, New- 
York and Canada. They were arrested only by the Revolu- 
tionary War. In later days the College has furnished moi'e than 
thirty missionaries of the American Board, dispersed to India, 
Ceylon, Turkey, Persia, Syria, China, the Sandwich Islands, and 
the Cherokee, Ojibwa and Stockbridge Indians. Among them 
are the illustrious names of Poor, Spaulding, Temple, Goodell, 
Wright, Emerson, and other kindred spirits, one of whom, 
E. W. Clark, after laboring a generation in Haverhill, is with us 
here to-day, and one of them is now a Secretary of the American 
Board. 

18 



98 DARTMOUTH CEJfTEJfJflAL. 

Nor has the CoUco-e been found wanting: in other wide 
spread spheres of Christian influence. She has furnished instruc- 
tors for the ministry of several denominations, in the seminaries 
at Bangor, Andover, New-York, Auburn, Cincinnati, New- 
Hampton, Newton, East Windsor and Chicago; and editors for 
tlie Vermont Chronicle, N. H. Observer, Morning Star, Congre- 
gational Journal, Boston Recorder, Christian Watchman, Massa- 
chusetts Missionary Magazine, Christian Observer, National 
Preacher, Christian Herald, Congregational Herald, Ohio Obser- 
ver, Congi-egational Quarterly,- Biblical Repository, Congrega- 
tional Review and Bibliotheca Sacra. Kittredge, Merrill 
and others, did good service in the cause of temperance. Three 
quarters of a century ago William Patten" was preaching in 
Newport against the slave trade and Moses Fiske in Ten- 
nessee against slavery; and Urias Powers, more than a genera- 
tion since, was freeing his dozen slaves in South Carolina. The 
College had her chaplains in the great war of the Revolution and 
the more glorious war of the Reconstruction ; while the great 
mass of her clerical graduates did not cease to teach and preach 
and pray, in public and in private, "in season, out of season", — 
and,.if need were, would have fought too — for the overthrow of 
that foul rebellion. 

But I must pause. My time is spent, and my theme but 
touched. Wrapped \v^ in this one topic lie the benign and blessed 
labors of many hundred lives. The human pen could fill volumes 
with the story ; and there would still be lett untold the most of 
this more than "Cambuscan tale." Let it remain to be unrolled at 
a grander gathering than tliis. 

Meanwhile as we thus stand to-day between the centuries, 
gazing upon the open secret of the past and forth into the mys- 
tery of tiie future, it is a kindling thought that from a spot where 
a hundred years ago to-day the very sound of the axo liad not 



RELATIOJ^S TO RELIGIOjY. 99 

been heard among the huge pines of the primeval forest, all this 
mass of character and culture and power and blessing has g(5ne to 
its great work throughout the world. Bat as no living link con- 
nects the actors and the bustle of that early day with this, so — 
and it is a saddening thought thrusting itself up through great 
widening chasms in these several classes — no ear that now listens 
will hear the greetings and commemorations of the next scene 
like this. No doubt the second centennial page will be worthy 
as this of a place in the great Millennial History ; but long, long- 
before that hope is written will each personal record of ours my 
brethren have been finished and sealed. And the ti»ne will 
come when every eye shall see that the true measure of the man, 
and of the institution, is found in genuine fidelity to GolL 



ODE. 



BY PKOF. JOHN ORDROXAUX, M. D., LL. B. 



I- ' 

Hail! Dartmouth— 3Iother dear! 
Wliom all the Arts, revere, 

Crowned with Time's bays. 
Gathered from far and near, 
See, all tliy sons appear, 
Fair youth, and patriarch sere, 

Hymning thy praise. 

11. 

Not conquests of the Earth, 
Nor hoarded wealth gave birth 

To Fame like thine ; 
But wisdom dwelling here. 
To mould each youth's career, 
For any part or sphere 

God might design. 

III. 

One hundred years of Grace, 
Praise Him ! have changed the place 
Our Fathers knew. 
The hoary wilderness, 



ODE. 101 



Blooms in a Christian dress ; 
The Muses' feet now press, 

Where forests grew. 

lY. 

Forth from these Halls have passed 
Names that were born to last 

While time holds sway ; 
Names that in Church and State, 
Immortal fame await, 
And thine, in turn, translate. 

To ages gray. 

V. 

Sprung from a kindred stem, 
Strive we to follow them. 

In high estate ; 
Life's path with deeds to strew, 
Enduring ages through ; 
To Christ and Country true, 

Whate'er our fate. 

VI. 

From mountains and from shore, 
We throng these Halls once more, 

A legion vast. 
Once more, as here we bend, 
Our prayers to God ascend, 
May days to come transcend. 

Thy glorious Past. 

VII. 

Farewell I Thou Mother dear ; 
Stay not that proud career, 

Earth knows, and Sky. 
What's one brief Century 
Of thy great destiny. 
To teach a people free, 

Their mission high ! 



